内蒙古煤系高岭土作为FCC催化剂基质的研究

研究两种内蒙古煤系高岭土（1^＃、2^＃）的化学组成、晶体结构并与苏州高岭土进行了比较。对三种高岭土进行酸改性，利用BET、吡啶-TPD和微反测试分别研究改性前后高岭土的性能特点。并将内蒙古高岭土1^＃与苏州高岭土采用半合成方法合成了FCC催化剂，测定了其裂化活性。研究结果表明，内蒙古1^＃具有较良好的晶体结构和化学组成，经酸改性后比表面积大大增加，具有合适的孔径分布，裂化活性较好，可以取代苏州高岭土作为FCC催化剂的基质。     

为了满足使用者需求而设计——上海地铁研究·使用者需求

在上海地铁研究中,我们发现了许多使用者的不满。这些不满来自于设计师对使用者的缺乏了解和缺乏关注。通过对上海地铁真实的使用者、真实的地点和真实的时间的调研,我们分析出25项上海地铁使用者的需求。并提出希望设计师能够从这些使用者的需求出发,去作为使用者带来良好体验的设计。     

Leveraging clustering approaches to solve the gray-sheep users problem in recommender systems

Recommender systems apply data mining and machine learning techniques for filtering unseen information and can predict whether a user would like a given item. This paper focuses on gray-sheep users problem responsible for the increased error rate in collaborative filtering based recommender systems. This paper makes the following contributions: we show that (1) the presence of gray-sheep users can affect the performance – accuracy and coverage – of the collaborative filtering based algorithms, depending on the data sparsity and distribution; (2) gray-sheep users can be identified using clustering algorithms in offline fashion, where the similarity threshold to isolate these users from the rest of community can be found empirically. We propose various improved centroid selection approaches and distance measures for the K-means clustering algorithm; (3) content-based profile of gray-sheep users can be used for making accurate recommendations. We offer a hybrid recommendation algorithm to make reliable recommendations for gray-sheep users. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to propose a formal solution for gray-sheep users problem. By extensive experimental results on two different datasets (MovieLens and community of movie fans in the FilmTrust website), we showed that the proposed approach reduces the recommendation error rate for the gray-sheep users while maintaining reasonable computational performance.     

Adaptive training interfaces for less-experienced,elderly users of electronic devices

A great number of complex electronic devices are now part of our everyday lives. While many of us learn to handle these products by trial and error; others, especially older users with little experience in using electronic devices, need support. In order to allow the user maximum flexibility in terms of learning time and location, a training programme is presented which is implemented as part of the software embedded in the product itself. Particular focus is placed on the effect of adaptive training on learning. In this study, the training versions differed in their ability to adjust their complexity to the user's experience (adaptive user interface complexity) and their capability to support the learner by prompting them during the learning process (adaptive training advice). The results show that the adjustment of complexity had a positive effect on users’ experience: elderly users who trained with an adaptive interface were more successful in learning to use a mobile phone. Adaptive training advice, however, was found to have no significant effects on learners’ success and reduced their self-efficacy. This work offers guidelines on how to design integrated training applications for electronic devices that successfully help elderly users with little prior experience.     

论蒙古族传统马具设计的系统性

文章以作者亲身参与的编著项目及田野考察为契机,将蒙古族传统马具设计作为研究对象,以蒙古族传统马具设计的系统性为论点,探讨其系统构成、单元功能及三个子系统的分工与关联。     

基于视频和人体姿态估计的老年人摔倒监测研究

人口老龄化所带来的养老服务问题是现代社会面临的严重问题。例如在很多国家跌倒是造成老年人因伤致死的最大原因,因此如何对老年人进行自动摔倒监测就成为养老服务亟待解决的问题。目前,在室内摔倒监测领域中,基于可穿戴设备和基于环境传感器等主流摔倒监测方法面临着设备复杂、成本较高等问题。鉴于此,将人体姿态估计引入摔倒监测领域,提出了一种基于2D视频的摔倒监测算法。首先利用OpenPose数据集提取原始数据中人体关节的位置;其次利用这些具有增强特征的数据构建静态分类模型和动态分类模型;最后,在3个公共摔倒数据集上进行模型训练和摔倒监测的测试,取得了较好的效果,可以为摔倒监测相关研究提供一定的参考。     

Probability-based location anonymity algorithm

As one of the most effective location privacy preservation technologies, the k-anonymity model provides safeguards for location privacy of the mobile client against vulnerabilities for abuse by constructing an anonymous area of k users including the protected one. However, most existing k-anonymity models only utilize the users who are sending requests at recent time. If there are not enough requesting users, the generated anonymous area of the k-anonymity model will be larger than expected. In this paper, a Probability-based Location Anonymity (PLA) algorithm is proposed for protecting location privacy of the mobile users in a road network. The PLA model takes advantage of the historical path track of the users who are not sending the request currently, and then computes the probability into the anonymous section so that it can greatly reduce the size of the anonymous area. Experimental results show that the PLA algorithm is superior to the k-anonymity and it increases its anonymous efficiency enormously.     

非时隙结构认知无线网络中非授权用户传输时延分析

在非时隙结构认知无线网络中,以随机侦听多址方案为基础构建了系统的数学模型,利用柯尔莫哥洛夫费勒前向方程得出系统的稳态概率,并采用拉普拉斯斯帝尔阶斯变换推导出非授权用户数据包的平均传输时延.数值分析表明,信道忙的概率和平均退避时间与传输时延呈正比关系,不同的载波侦听多址方案对传输时延影响很大,其中全侦听多址方案的传输时延最小.     

移动搜索终端用户行为调查研究

移动搜索正在深入到移动互联网用户的生活,为更好地了解移动搜索终端用户行为,以提供更好的服务,对移动搜索终端用户的行为进行了调查。共发出调查问卷522份,收到有效问卷508份,通过对有效问卷进行深入研究,分析移动用户使用移动搜索的行为习惯,得出移动搜索呈现本地化、使用需求碎片化、使用习惯已经形成、用户年龄较为集中等结果,为探索移动搜索新业务提供有效的数据支持,并从搜索精度、搜索方式、提高搜索质量等方面对移动搜索的发展提出合理化建议。     

农村留守老人社会支持网构成研究

对甘肃省某村庄的20位农村留守老人进行深度访谈,分析留守老人社会支持网的构成。研究表明,农村留守老人获得的非正式社会支持主要来自家庭内部,从邻居和其他亲属中也能获得一些社会支持;子女、配偶是农村留守老人社会支持网的核心成员,但外出子女主要提供物质支持,配偶、没有外出的儿媳在生活照料方面发挥着重要作用;子女外出务工使留守老人获得了较多的物质支持,获得的情感支持很有限;农村留守老人的朋友圈和邻居圈是重合的,邻居、朋友是留守老人交往的主要对象。