A Method of Combined SHPB Technique and BP Neural Network to Study Impact Response of Materials

Abstract:  A new method combining the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique with the back-propagation (BP) neural network program is proposed. By this method, the treated strain wave signals become smooth with less noises induced by the transverse inertia. Moreover, the dynamic rate-dependent constitutive behaviour of materials can be identified, without any pre-assumption of a constitutive model. It is found that by taking the experimentally measured data of strain, strain rate and time as 'input' and the corresponding data of stress as 'output' of the BP neural network, the dynamic constitutive behaviour with internal damage or phase transformation evolution is easy to be identified, where the time could represent either the internal damage evolution or phase transformation process accompanied with the deformation process. It is emphasised that the data learnt by the BP neural network must include both loading and unloading processes, if the whole loading and unloading response is to be correctly predicted. The comparisons between the predictions and experimental results are in good agreement for both polyamide (PA) polymer (as an example of nonlinear viscoelastic materials) and Ti–Ni alloy (as an example of superelastic materials with stress-induced phase transformation).     

岩石高速冲击实验的最新进展

根据１９８３～１９９０年国际联机检索资料，说明了近１０年来有关ＳＨＰＢ（ＳＨＢ）研究的最新发展，并提出了我国有关ＳＨＰＢ研究的几点建议。     

冲击荷载作用下热处理花岗岩动态力学特性研究

为研究冲击速度和热处理温度对黑云母花岗岩动态力学特性的影响,利用改进的霍普金森压杆系统对25~800 ℃共9个温度等级的热处理试样分别进行3种弹速下的冲击压缩试验。试验结果表明：随着冲击速度的增加,25~700 ℃热处理试样的应力—应变曲线由“Ⅱ型”转变为“Ⅰ型”,而800 ℃热处理试样均表现出“Ⅰ型”应力—应变曲线特征。同一温度热处理下试块的峰值应力、应变和平均应变均随动荷载的升高而增大。相同的冲击速度下,300 ℃热处理试样的动力学性能有所改善,500 ℃后试样的动力学性能开始逐渐劣化。同一温度热处理试样的破碎程度随冲击速度的增加而增加;相同冲击速度下,热处理试样的破碎程度随温度的升高先减弱后增强。     

钢纤维混凝土高温后SHPB试验研究

为了研究钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)常温以及经历400和800℃高温后的动态压缩性能,采用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置,结合应变直测技术对其进行了单轴冲击压缩试验.结果表明:经历400和800℃高温后,未掺钢纤维混凝土的峰值应力分别只有常温时的79.2%和38.9%,弹性模量分别降为常温时的82.8%和56.2%,同时,试件的能量吸收能力大幅度下降;钢纤维混凝土400,800℃对应的峰值应力分别降为常温时的76.8%和39.0%,弹性模量稍有降低,分别为常温的91.8%和82.7%,较基准混凝土有了较大的提高.钢纤维的加入可以增加混凝土的极限应力对应应变,曲线的下降段较为平缓,同时增强了混凝土的能量吸收能力,在20,400和800℃时,分别提高了38.5%,27.5%和25%.     

Ф75mm分离式霍普金森压杆试件长度效应的试验研究

在Ф75mm的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验系统上,对不同长径比的C30和C60混凝土试件,以不同的子弹速度对试件进行冲击加载,研究了大直径(Ф75mm)SHPB试验中混凝土试件的长度效应.实验结果表明:对于Ф75mm的大尺寸SHPB装置,当混凝土材料试件长度小于25mm时,摩擦效应对测试结果影响较大;当试件长度大于90mm时,反射拉伸作用明显,不能反映材料真实动态力学性能;当试件长度为(30～75mm),即长径比L/D≈(0.4～1.0),在此范围内实验结果是可信的,能够准确地反映材料的动态力学性能.     

Investigation on experimental method of low-impedance materials using modified Hopkinson pressure bar

To increase the detectability of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) of low-impedance materials, modifications were conducted on traditional SHPB apparatus with a PMMA tube to output transmitted signal, and weak signals were further amplified by semiconductor strain gauges. Experiments on soft rubbers and cushioning foam materials were carried out. In order to analyze the accuracy of the experimental results, the stress equilibrium issues involved in the assumptions of SHPB were investigated. First, by way of re-constructing loading process of incident wave, the stress-strain curve was obtained, along with the stress equilibrium ratio of specimen. Secondly, the influences on the accuracy of stress-strain curves were investigated through the elastic modulus comparisons. And the results illustrate that the bilinear incident wave from experiments can ensure the stress equilibrium deformation of specimen after 2 normalized times, much sooner than ramp incident waves. Moreover, it even facilitates specimen deformation with a constant strain rate. The results confirm that the detectability of the modified SHPB can be down to tens kPa with enough accuracy level.     

Experimental study on the time-dependent dynamic mechanical behaviour of C60 concrete under

To study the dynamic mechanical behavior of C60 concrete at high temperatures, impact tests under different steady-state temperature fields (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500.℃) were conducted under a variety of durations at the corresponding constant high temperature, namely 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120.min, employing split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. In addition, the impact tests were also conducted on the specimens cooled from the high temperature to the room temperature and the specimen under room temperature. From the analysis, it is found that C60 concrete has a time-dependent behavior under high-temperature environment. Under 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500.℃ steady-state temperature fields respectively, as the duration at the corresponding constant high temperature increases, the dynamic compressive strength and the elastic modulus decrease but the peak strain generally ascends. After cooling to the room temperature, the dynamic compressive strength and the elastic modulus descend as well, but the peak strain increases first and then decreases slightly, when the duration increases. For specimens under and cooled from the high-temperature, as the temperature increases, the dynamic compressive strength and the peak strain raise first and then reduce gradually,and the dynamic compressive strength of specimen under high temperature is higher than that of the specimen cooled from the same high temperature.     

易碎弹复合材料动态特性数值研究

利用Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar （SHPB）实验装置获取复合材料易碎弹试件的动态力学特性,并应用LS-DYNA软件对SHPB实验过程进行数值模拟.结合SHPB应力波理论,研究不同撞击速度对试件破坏程度、压杆轴向应变波形以及试件动态力学特性的影响.仿真结果表明：试件仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合,说明SHPB实验仿真是可行的;试件的破坏程度随着撞击速度的增大而显著,但压杆轴向应变波形以及试件动态力学特性随着撞击速度的增大变化不明显.     

短切碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的高温冲击压缩力学性能

采用先驱体浸渍裂解法(即PIP法)制备出3种不同短切碳纤维(C_(sf))体积分数的圆柱形短切碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料(C_(sf)/SiC复合材料)试件,通过高温加热装置和自组装功能的霍普金森压杆装置对试件进行高温和动态荷载耦合作用下的冲击压缩试验,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察C_(sf)/SiC复合材料断口形貌,对试件的破坏形态进行分析。试验结果表明,采用PIP法制备的C_(sf)/SiC复合材料试件中C_(sf)分布均匀,在外应力作用下C_(sf)/SiC复合材料试件发生破坏,碳纤维和碳纤维束与SiC基体脱粘被不断拔出。试件的抗压强度随C_(sf)体积含量的增加而呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,C_(sf)体积含量为21%的试件抗压强度最高,为96.55 MPa。与常温相比,在高温压缩试验中随着复合材料试件平均温度的升高,C_(sf)/SiC复合材料试件破碎后的块度越来越大,整体性越来越好,当温度达到300℃时,C_(sf)体积含量对C_(sf)/SiC复合材料试件抗压强度的影响较小。     

层状板岩动力破坏特性数值试验研究

为研究层理面数和冲击载荷对层状板岩动力破坏特性影响,利用LS-DYNA有限元软件模拟了层状板岩试件在不同冲击速度下的SHPB实验,再现了SHPB实验过程中的加载波形和层状板岩试件的破坏过程,模拟结果与实验结果吻合度较好。研究结果表明:层状板岩试件的耗散能量随层理面数的增加而增加,双层、三层和四层板岩试件相比单层板岩试件耗散能量的增长分别为0.2%、0.4%和1.87%;试件破坏开始于端面周边,滞后于应力峰值,当冲击速度为6.5 m/s时,层状岩石试件以轴向劈裂破坏为主,冲击速度为12 m/s和20 m/s时试件的破坏模式为轴向劈裂破坏、径向剪破坏和端面拉压破坏的混合破坏。