Development of composite tissue scaffolds containing naturally sourced mircoporous hydroxyapatite

The aims of this work were to investigate the conversion of a marine alga into hydroxyapatite (HA), and furthermore to design a composite bone tissue engineering scaffold comprising the synthesised HA within a porous bioresorbable polymer. The marine alga, Phymatolithon calcareum, which exhibits a calcium carbonate honeycomb structure, with a natural architecture of interconnecting permeable pores (microporosity 4–11 μm), provided the initial raw material for this study. The objective was to convert the alga into hydroxyapatite while maintaining its porous morphology using a sequential pyrolysis and chemical synthesis processes. Semi-quantitative XRD analysis of the post-hydrothermal material (pyrolised at 700–750 °C), indicated that the calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic most likely consisted of a calcium carbonate macroporous lattice, with hydroxyapatite crystals on the surface of the macropores. Cell visibility (cytotoxicity) investigations of osteogenic cells were conducted on the CaP ceramic (i.e., the material post-hydrothermal analysis) which was found to be non-cytotoxic and displayed good biocompatibility when seeded with MG63 cells. Furthermore, a hot press scaffold fabrication technique was developed to produce a composite scaffold of CaP (derived from the marine alga) in a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix. A salt leaching technique was further explored to introduce macroporosity to the structure (50–200 μm). Analysis indicated that the scaffold contained both micro/macroporosity and mechanical strength, considered necessary for bone tissue engineering applications.     

Algal phagostimulants for marine herbivorous gastropods

Methanol extracts of the green algaUlva pertusa contain four kinds of glycerolipids that are active as feeding-stimulants for marine herbivorous gastropods. These compounds are digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), 1,2-diacylglycerly-4-O-(N,N,N-trimethyl)-homoserine (DGTH), 1-monoacylglyceryl-4'-O-(N,N,N-trimethyl)-homoserine (MGTH), and 6-sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). The various gastropods exhibit marked specificity, however, as young abaloneHaliotis discus respond to DGDG and DGTH at minute dosages of 20–30 g/sample zone, but do not respond to 300 g of SQDG, which is a phagostimulant for two other kinds of gastropods,Turbo comutus andOmphalius pfeifferi.Chemical Studies on Phagostimulants for Marine Gastropods. Part VI. For Part V, see Sakata et al. (1986b).     

利用基因工程菌修复富营养化水体

以徐州市黄河故道应用基因工程菌修复富营养化水体为研究对象，对水体中富营养化指标进行了测定，并对水体中生物生长变化情况进行了观察，试验和分析了基因工程菌中的消氮细菌及沉淀细菌对水体进行生物修复的作用及其效果，指出了存在的问题，为利用生物修复技术处理天然湖泊的富营养化提供了参考数据．     

电子水处理器杀菌灭藻效果的研究

研究了在不同的电压下一种电子水处理器对金黄色葡萄球菌,酶母菌和藻类的杀灭作用,结果显示在２０Ｖ和２４Ｖ电压下均有较好的杀菌效果,较高的电压效果较好。经过消息在作用后所产生的活性水对菌也有杀灭作用。     

新型天然海藻絮凝剂处理食品废水的研究

比较各种絮凝剂的优劣后,选用海藻直接制作天然高分子有机絮凝剂,采用正交表L8(34)设计试验方案.大量试验结果显示,用该絮凝剂处理COD初始质量浓度为3 000～13 000mg/L的蛋白废水,存在一个适宜的投加量和pH范围,投加质量浓度为12.5 g/L、pH2～4时,COD去除率大于70%,最高可达79.56%;室温下絮凝反应快,生成絮体大,自然沉降快.研究表明,该絮凝剂可有效去除COD,操作条件温和,且无毒、无害、无重金属残留,可处理食品行业的蛋白废水,絮凝产物可回收作饲料添加剂,具有良好的开发前景.     

ClO2在鞍钢给水厂消毒工艺的应用探讨

针对鞍钢水厂液氯消毒工艺存在的不足,提出了用二氧化氯代替液氯的改造方案,同时针对大型露天贮水池滋生大量藻类难以根治的问题进行初步尝试,并取得可喜效果。     

发酵型海藻酒的研制

研制了发酵型海藻酒的工艺及关键参数,制成风味独特的、具有营养保健功能的海藻酒.     

Surface Mechanical Properties of the Spore Adhesive of the Green Alga Ulva

The mechanical properties of the adhesive produced by spores of the green, marine, fouling alga Ulva linza are reported. Atomic force microscopy studies were performed and nanoindentation data were analyzed using a model for an asymmetric indenter. Freshly secreted adhesive is characterized by multiple layers. We found that the modulus of the outer ∼600-nm thick layer was about 0.2 ± 0.1 MPa, whereas the modulus of the inner layer was about 3 ± 1 MPa. Older adhesive showed the formation of a “crust” of harder material with a yield strength of ∼20 MPa at a loading rate of 2.5 × 10^-6 N · s^-1. Mechanical properties under tension are also described, and extension profiles that showed either constant or nonlinear force changes with tip-sample separation were observed. Models for both kinds of behavior are described. The work of adhesion between poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated AFM tips and the adhesive was determined to be less than 1.5 mJ · m^-2.     

海藻纤维吸附性能的测试与研究

利用核磁共振（^1H—NMR）测定了不同海藻酸钠的M／G值，经湿法纺丝法制备了海藻纤维，并研究了M／G值、海藻酸钠用量及凝固浴用量和凝固时间对海藻纤维吸附性能的影响结果表明，海藻纤维对不同液体的吸附能力不同，其顺序为：生理盐水〉A溶液〉自来水〉蒸馏水；海藻纤维对生理盐水和A溶液的吸附能力随着M／G值的增加而增大，随海藻酸钠用量的增大而减小，当凝固浴用量4％、凝固时间达15s时，纤维的吸附能力达到饱和．     

发酵保健酒--海藻保健酒

以海藻为原料,提取其有效成分,补充适量的营养物质后,接入生长旺盛的葡萄酒酵母,酿造营养丰富、风味独特的海藻保健酒。