Peracetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enzymatic hydrolysis: a continued work

Previous work has shown that the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse could be greatly enhanced by peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment. There are several factors affecting the enzymatic digestibility of the biomass, including lignin and hemicelluloses content, cellulose crystallinity, acetyl group content, accessible surface area and so on. The objective of this work is to analyze the mechanism of the enhancement of enzymatic digestibility caused by PAA pretreatment. Delignification resulted in an increase of the surface area and reduction of the irreversible absorption of cellulase, which helped to increase the enzymatic digestibility. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed that the absorption peaks of aromatic skeletal vibrations were weakened or disappeared after PAA pretreatment. However, the infrared crystallization index (N.O'KI) was increased. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the crystallinity of PAA‐treated samples was increased owing to the partial removal of amorphous lignin and hemicelluloses and probable physical change of cellulose. The effect of acetyl group content on enzymatic digestibility is negligible compared with the degree of delignification and crystallinity. The results indicate that enhancement of enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by PAA pretreatment is achieved mainly by delignification and an increase in the surface area and exposure of cellulose fibers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

蔗渣浆低浓黑液多聚物粘度对温度依赖性的关联模型

利用聚合物自由体积理论模拟了蔗渣浆低浓黑液对粘度对温度的依赖性的数学模型，最终得出黑液多聚物粘度与温度的相关式：η=A1exp[B1/(T-T0)]。利用示差扫描量热分析技术（DSC）得出了蔗渣黑液多聚物中连续相与分散相的转变曲线，并获得了表观温度T0的平均值为255K；通过实验数据拟合可回归出蔗渣黑液多聚物在不同浓度时的系数A1和B1值。因此，使用该粘度的数学模型可估算蔗渣低浓（接近40％固含量）黑液多聚物在操作温度范围内（20－100℃）的粘度值。     

Water flux,DSC, and cytotoxicity characterization of membranes of cellulose acetate produced from sugar cane bagasse,using PEG 600

Summary In this article, cellulose acetate produced through the homogeneous acetylation of sugar cane bagasse cellulose was used to produce membranes, using poly(ethyleneglycol) 600 (PEG 600) as an admixture. The membranes were characterized using water flux measurements (Payne’s cup), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and neutral red uptake (cytotoxicity). The results showed that PEG 600 acts as a crystallinity inductor and/or pore former in the cellulose acetate matrix. The induction of crystallinity is important for this system since it had not been reported on the literature yet. The results also demonstrated that the studied membranes present a nontoxic behavior.     

定量~(13)C-NMR谱表征蔗渣碱木素结构

从蔗渣纸浆黑液中制出纯蔗渣碱木素，然后测定其定量13C-NMR谱．图谱分析表明，蔗渣碱木素主要由紫丁香基，愈创木基和对羟苯基三种丙烷结构单元组成，其中未绩合的紫丁香基、愈创木基和对羟羊基含量比为2.2：1．0：1．4．蔗渣碱术素结构单元间主要以β-O－4烷基芳基醚键连接，也有一定量的非环状α-醚键存在．蔗渣碱木素中，相当部分对香豆酸类结构并非通过酯键而是通过醚键或碳双键连接于芳核上．     

偶联剂与甘蔗渣／PVC复合材料性能的研究

分别用硅烷偶联剂KH560和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ311对甘蔗渣/PVC复合体系进行处理。研究了两种处理方法对甘蔗渣/PVC复合材料力学性能、界面形态、耐水性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明,与未处理的相比,两种处理方法都改善了甘蔗渣和PVC之间的界面相容性,界面黏结得到增强,使复合材料的强度和韧性有了较大的提高,同时改善了甘蔗渣/PVC复合材料的加工性能。钛酸酯偶联剂处理对甘蔗渣/PVC复合材料性能的影响更为显著,当其用量为1%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击韧性均得到提高,其中拉伸强度提高了55%。     

Application of experimental design in optimization of crude oil adsorption from saline waste water using raw bagasse简

Experimental design was applied in the optimization of crude oil adsorption from saline waste water using raw bagasse.The application of response surface methodology（RSM） was presented with temperature,salinity of water,pH,adsorbent dose,and initial oil content as factors.A quadratic model could be used to approximate the mathematical relationship of crude oil removal on the five significant independent variables.Predicted values and experimental values are found to be in good agreement with R2 of 97.44%.The result of optimization shows that the maximum crude oil removal is equal to 67.38% under the optimal condition of temperature of 46.53 °C,salinity of 37.2 g/L,pH of 3,adsorbent dose of 9 g/L and initial oil content of 300×10-6.     

蔗渣酶解的动力学模型探讨

以压力为２．０ＭＰａ，时间为２０ｍｉｎ的直接加热膨化蔗渣为对象，采用日本ＹａｋｕｌｔＲＳ纤维素酶进行蔗渣酶解实验，探讨了产物抑制情况，分析和判别了反应类型，由结果可以认为该反应属于非竞争型产物抑制反应，可以用Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ方程的修正式来进行模拟。通过蔗渣浓度为（１．９６～８．９６）×１０－２ｇ／ｍＬ，反应时间为２～９６ｈ的４８组实验数据，以最小二乘法回归出模型参数，计算结果与实验值能较好吻合     

改性废弃生物质对直接染料的吸附研究

选取花生壳、甘蔗渣和蛋壳膜等废弃物为原料,改性后制得生物质吸附剂,以直接蓝染料废水为处理对象,考察改性前后的吸附效果以及pH、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附效果的影响,探讨了3种吸附剂的等温吸附和吸附动力学过程.研究表明,改性能够不同程度地提高3种吸附剂的吸附效果,pH和温度对吸附的影响较大,改性花生壳、甘蔗渣以及蛋壳膜在各自投加量条件下对染料废水的脱色率分别达到93.6％、97.4％和99.2％,平衡吸附量可达39,4mg/g、45.5mg/g及113mg/g,等温吸附过程遵从Langmuir方程,吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型.     

甘蔗渣对中性红的吸附性能的实验研究

对甘蔗渣进行了吸附去除印染废水中的中性红模拟实验研究。考察了甘蔗粉用量、pH、吸附时间、中性红初始浓度和温度等因素对吸附效果的影响,探究了其吸附动力学及吸附规律。结果表明,甘蔗粉用量、pH、吸附时间和中性红初始浓度、温度等因素对甘蔗粉吸附水中中性红有显著影响。适宜的吸附条件为:甘蔗粉用量0.6g/100mL,pH6.0～7.0,吸附时间60min,初始浓度100mg/L,温度30℃。在该条件下,中性红的去除率达91%以上。甘蔗粉对中性红的吸附过程可以用Langmuir、Temkin等温吸附方程和二级吸附速率方程进行很好的描述,主要表现为物理吸附。     

用磷酸活化法制备甘蔗渣活性炭及其吸附性能研究

以甘蔗渣为原料,在不同操作条件下制备得到活性炭,测定了相应的活性炭对亚甲基蓝脱色的吸附值,并研究了亚甲基蓝吸附值与活化剂浓度、活化时间和活化温度之间的关系.实验结果表明,浸渍剂浓度是用磷酸活化法制备活性炭的最重要的影响因素;在磷酸浓度为40 wt％,活化时间为12 h,活化温度为500℃时,甘蔗渣活性炭的吸附能力最高,亚甲基蓝的吸附量达到294.866 mg/g.