基于用户行为的产品设计原则

目的指导设计师设计出能够便利、引导或者约束用户行为的产品。方法通过分析相关案例,归纳出了行为相符、行为相关、行为相似以及行为相悖4个设计原则,并探讨了相应的设计方法和思路。结论行为相符原则满足用户的生理要求,设计师要考虑用户和产品互动过程中的人机数据;行为相关原则满足用户便利的需求,设计师要挖掘和产品有关的用户行为,通过功能复合提供更周全的服务;行为相似原则满足行为方式的传承与认同,设计师要挖掘处于某种文化脉络中的用户行为习惯,设计出吻合用户的操作习惯和满足他们的情感体验的产品;行为相悖原则是防止用户不当行为,设计师要通过设计打断某些行为的连续性,对用户的某些不安全行为进行约束。     

Excess Heritability Contribution of Alcohol Consumption Variants in the “Missing Heritability” of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

We aim to compare the relative heritability contributed by variants of behavior-related environmental phenotypes and elucidate the role of these factors in the conundrum of “missing heritability” of type 2 diabetes. Methods: We used Linkage-Disequilibrium Adjusted Kinships (LDAK) and LDAK-Thin models to calculate the relative heritability of each variant and compare the relative heritability for each phenotype. Biological analysis was carried out for the phenotype whose variants made a significant contribution. Potential hub genes were prioritized based on topological parameters of the protein-protein interaction network. We included 16 behavior-related phenotypes and 2607 valid variants. In the LDAK model, we found the variants of alcohol consumption and caffeine intake were identified as contributing higher relative heritability than that of the random variants. Compared with the relative expected heritability contributed by the variants associated with type 2 diabetes, the relative expected heritability contributed by the variants associated with these two phenotypes was higher. In the LDAK-Thin model, the relative heritability of variants of 11 phenotypes was statistically higher than random variants. Biological function analysis showed the same distributions among type 2 diabetes and alcohol consumption. We eventually screened out 31 hub genes interacting intensively, four of which were validated and showed the upregulated expression pattern in blood samples seen in type 2 diabetes cases. Conclusion: We found that alcohol consumption contributed higher relative heritability. Hub genes may influence the onset of type 2 diabetes by a mediating effect or a pleiotropic effect. Our results provide new insight to reveal the role of behavior-related factors in the conundrum of “missing heritability” of type 2 diabetes.