A multimodal approach to assessing the impact of nicotine dependence, nicotine abstinence, and craving on negative affect in smokers.

We used multimodal measurement to evaluate whether (a) nicotine dependence is associated with baseline and postquit negative affect and craving, (b) smoking relapse is associated with greater negative affect and craving than abstinence, and (c) craving is associated with negative affect. Treatment-seeking smokers were randomly assigned to either a brief behaviorally based smoking-cessation treatment condition or to a delayed treatment control condition. Participants in the treatment condition attended four assessment sessions, 4–5 days prequit (baseline), 1–2 days postquit, 3–5 days postquit, and 10–14 days postquit, while controls attended four sessions spaced over the same intervals. Retrospective questionnaires were collected at the beginning of each session, and corrugator EMG and in-session ratings were collected during viewing of affective and cigarette-related slides. The multimodal measures indicated that more dependent smokers experienced greater negative affect and craving at baseline and postquit, regardless of abstinence status. The self-report measures indicated that both relapsed and abstinent smokers reported greater negative affect and craving than control smokers. Craving was associated with negative affect across measurement modalities. These results highlight the benefits of using multimodal measures to study the impact of nicotine dependence and withdrawal on negative affect and craving. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

瓦楞机传动系统结构优化研究与应用

目的 提升瓦楞机的主要性能指标，以满足高效高质的瓦楞成型要求。方法 通过研究瓦楞纸板成型质量的影响因素、现有瓦楞机传动系统的特点，以及传动系统刚度对其性能的影响，提出一种可抑制振动的差齿传动高刚度结构及控制方案，开展仿真研究，改进现有机型的传动系统结构并进行试验验证。结果 得到优化前后瓦楞辊的角速度和角加速度曲线，发现角速度波动范围由75~225 deg/s变化到100~150 deg/s，角加速度波动范围由−740~370 deg/s²变化到−100~110 deg/s²。试验测量发现，瓦楞纸板厚度极值之差从0.23 mm降低至0.09 mm，噪声同比减少了4%~15.2%。结论 差齿传动方案是可行的，为提高瓦楞机传动系统刚度、提升瓦楞成型质量给出新思路，并提供了技术支持。