标志树文法及其语法分析

树文法是一种高维文法，能够用来表达二维以上复杂对象的构造规则．在模式识别、图式语言等领域有着广泛的应用前景．本文在树文法有关概念基础上提出了标志树、连接标志、标志树文法等概念，构造了标志树的匹配和识别算法，并成功解决了标志树文法的语法分析器构造问题．     

形式化语言在UMTS开发中的应用

由于3G协议规范的复杂性，3GPP方法论指导方针中鼓励使用标准的形式化语言来进行UMTS产品的设计、开发与测试。文中概要性地描述了UMTS的体系结构和在规范描述中用到的一些形式化语言的基本概念和特点，探讨了这些形式化语言在UMTS开发中的应用。使用形式化语言开发UMTS可以简化和改进测试程序，实现新产品与新标准的同步推出。     

The Construction of Minimal DNA Expressions

We describe a formal language/notation for DNA molecules that may contain nicks and gaps. The elements of the language, DNA expressions, denote formal DNA molecules. Different DNA expressions may denote the same formal DNA molecule. We analyse the shortest DNA expressions denoting a given formal DNA molecule. We determine lower bounds on their lengths and explain how we construct these minimal DNA expressions.     

Reasoning, Integration, Inference Alteration, and Text Comprehension.

This paper reports how the study of formal logical reasoning provides insight into more everyday types of reasoning, such as that involved in language comprehension. Both of these types of cognition are thought to involve the use of mental models, and so it is reasonable to think that the cognitive operations needed for formal logical reasoning would be involved in everyday reasoning as well. We focused on three aspects of formal reasoning: (a) the integration of information into a common mental model, (b) the drawing of inferences, and (c) the coordination of alternative possibilities. We were able to show that the integration and inference components were related to narrative comprehension processes, but the coordination of alternative models was not. Thus, there is evidence for some overlap in the mental processes used in formal and everyday reasoning. This further justifies the study of formal logical reasoning as a window into certain types of everyday reasoning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stability of formal thought disorder and referential communication disturbances in schizophrenia.

This study examined the degree to which different types of communication disturbances in the speech of 48 schizophrenia patients and 28 controls were variable and state related versus stable and traitlike. Clinically rated formal thought disorder and 5 types of referential disturbance showed substantial stability within participants over time. The sixth type of referential disturbance, the vague reference, was not stable over time. Formal thought disorder was associated with the severity of core psychotic symptoms in patients, whereas referential disturbances showed little or no association with positive or negative symptom severity. Furthermore, changes in psychotic symptoms over time were accompanied by corresponding changes in formal thought disorder but not referential disturbances. These results support the idea that some types of referential disturbances are traitlike and may be reflective of vulnerability as well as manifest illness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Experience with Applying Formal Methods to Protocol Specification and System Architecture

In the last three years or so we at Enterprise Platforms Group at Intel Corporation have been applying formal methods to various problems that arose during the process of defining platform architectures for Intel's processor families. In this paper we give an overview of some of the problems we have worked on, the results we have obtained, and the lessons we have learned. The last topic is addressed mainly from the perspective of platform architects.     

谈东方女性的美

东方女性是美的,这种美既包括内在美,又包括外在美,外在美主要表现为人体美、服饰美、风度美,内在美主要是指心灵美,主要表现为人生观、理想、性格、情操、修养等。     

How to make and defend a proposal in a deliberation dialogue

In this paper it is shown how tools developed in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence can be applied to the development of a new dialectical analysis of the speech act of making a proposal in a deliberation dialogue. These tools are developed, modified and used to formulate dialogue pre-conditions, defining conditions and post-conditions for the speech act of making a proposal in a deliberation dialogue. The defining conditions set out what is required for a move in a dialogue to count as the making of a proposal by one of the parties. What is required are the conditions that (1) the move fit the requirements of the argumentation scheme for practical reasoning, and (2) the premises are propositions describing common goals of both parties or propositions that they reasonably consider means to achieve these goals. The analysis goes beyond the standard speech act approach by specifying not only the normative requirements for making a well-formed proposal, but also the requirements for responding to it by questioning or criticizing it, and the requirements for defending it.