全文获取类型
收费全文 | 55813篇 |
免费 | 4644篇 |
国内免费 | 2703篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 2420篇 |
技术理论 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 4467篇 |
化学工业 | 8551篇 |
金属工艺 | 3625篇 |
机械仪表 | 2578篇 |
建筑科学 | 6475篇 |
矿业工程 | 2515篇 |
能源动力 | 2660篇 |
轻工业 | 2679篇 |
水利工程 | 1860篇 |
石油天然气 | 3857篇 |
武器工业 | 771篇 |
无线电 | 7425篇 |
一般工业技术 | 5299篇 |
冶金工业 | 2694篇 |
原子能技术 | 720篇 |
自动化技术 | 4563篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 190篇 |
2023年 | 606篇 |
2022年 | 1033篇 |
2021年 | 1237篇 |
2020年 | 1398篇 |
2019年 | 1252篇 |
2018年 | 1156篇 |
2017年 | 1558篇 |
2016年 | 1623篇 |
2015年 | 1716篇 |
2014年 | 2825篇 |
2013年 | 2905篇 |
2012年 | 3815篇 |
2011年 | 4064篇 |
2010年 | 3151篇 |
2009年 | 3261篇 |
2008年 | 3382篇 |
2007年 | 4231篇 |
2006年 | 3936篇 |
2005年 | 3301篇 |
2004年 | 2800篇 |
2003年 | 2490篇 |
2002年 | 1954篇 |
2001年 | 1762篇 |
2000年 | 1491篇 |
1999年 | 1157篇 |
1998年 | 906篇 |
1997年 | 770篇 |
1996年 | 631篇 |
1995年 | 540篇 |
1994年 | 401篇 |
1993年 | 336篇 |
1992年 | 297篇 |
1991年 | 214篇 |
1990年 | 170篇 |
1989年 | 133篇 |
1988年 | 102篇 |
1987年 | 77篇 |
1986年 | 64篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 36篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 6篇 |
1957年 | 7篇 |
1955年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
In the present work we have studied the effect of Na on the properties of graded Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 (CIGS) layer. Graded CIGS structures were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis at a substrate temperature of 350 °C on soda lime glass. Sodium chloride is used as a dopant along with metal (Cu/In/Ga) chlorides and n, n-dimethyl selenourea precursors. The addition of Na exhibited better crystallinity with chalcopyrite phase and an improvement in preferential orientation along the (112) plane. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (line/point mapping) revealed a graded nature of the film and percentage incorporation of Na (0.86 at%). Raman studies showed that the film without sodium doping consists of mixed phase of chalcopyrite and CuAu ordering. Influence of sodium showed a remarkable decrease in electrical resistivity (0.49–0.087 Ω cm) as well as an increase in carrier concentration (3.0×1018–2.5×1019 cm−3) compared to the un-doped films. As carrier concentration increased after sodium doping, the band gap shifted from 1.32 eV to 1.20 eV. Activation energies for un-doped and Na doped films from modified Arrhenius plot were calculated to be 0.49 eV and 0.20 eV, respectively. Extremely short carrier lifetimes in the CIGS thin films were measured by a novel, non-destructive, noncontact method (transmission modulated photoconductive decay). Minority carrier lifetimes of graded CIGS layers without and with external Na doping are found to be 3.0 and 5.6 ns, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Yuanyuan Zhang Haiyan Lu Bing Wang Zhuo Zhang Xiaorong Lin Zhongzheng Chen Bin Li 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(6):1397-1404
Removal of imidacloprid and acetamiprid in tea infusions by microfiltration membrane using dead‐end model was investigated in the present study. The results showed that microfiltration significantly promoted the removal of both pesticides (P < 0.05) in tea infusions. Furthermore, the extent of removal was strongly influenced by the pore size of membrane, operational pressure and the concentrations of tea infusions. The initial concentration of imidacloprid and acetamiprid showed no significant effect on their removal rates. The maximum removal rates were 79.7% for imidacloprid and 81.9% acetamiprid. The changes in major chemical components of tea infusions after microfiltration were evaluated. The results indicated that microfiltration caused no considerable changes in total polyphenols and total free amino acids, and small but statistically significant losses (6.3–18.0%) of eight catechins and three methylxanthines when filtration volume reached to 200 mL. The present study validated the application of microfiltration as a potentially feasible and promising method for the removal of imidacloprid and acetamiprid residues from tea infusions. 相似文献
3.
4.
Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al, AZO) electrodes were covered with very thin (∼6 nm) Zn1−xMgxO:Al (AMZO) layers grown by atomic layer deposition. They were tested as hole blocking/electron injecting contacts to organic semiconductors. Depending on the ALD growth conditions, the magnesium content at the film surface varied from x = 0 to x = 0.6. Magnesium was present only at the ZnO:Al surface and subsurface regions and did not diffuse into deeper parts of the layer. The work function of the AZO/AMZO (x = 0.3) film was 3.4 eV (based on the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy). To investigate carrier injection properties of such contacts, single layer organic structures with either pentacene or 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine layers were prepared. Deposition of the AMZO layers with x = 0.3 resulted in a decrease of the reverse currents by 1–2 orders of magnitude and an improvement of the diode rectification. The AMZO layer improved hole blocking/electron injecting properties of the AZO electrodes. The analysis of the current-voltage characteristics by a differential approach revealed a richer injection and recombination mechanisms in the structures containing the additional AMZO layer. Among those mechanisms, monomolecular, bimolecular and superhigh injection were identified. 相似文献
5.
新汶矿业集团经过探索和实践,研究运用了差异互补式全掩护支护技术、掩护支架自牵引联动装置工艺、矿车运输、滑移运输多用轨道、自动找正装车平台、液控调整装置等新技术、新工艺,做到了液压支架综合流程快速回撤,实现了高效化、连贯化安全回撤,取得了良好的经济效益。 相似文献
6.
Undoped and fluorine doped ZnO thin films were deposited onto glass substrates using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique and then annealed at 350 °C in vacuum ambience. The F doping level was varied from 0 to 15 at% in steps of 5 at%. The XRD analysis showed that all the films are polycrystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure and preferentially oriented along the (002) plane. Crystallite sizes were found to increase when 5 at% of F is doped and then decreased with further doping. It was seen from the SEM images that the doping causes remarkable changes in the surface morphology and the annealing treatment results in well-defined grains with an improvement in the grain size irrespective of doping level. All the films exhibit good transparency (>70%) after vacuum annealing. Electrical resistivity of the film was found to be minimum (1.32×10−3 Ω cm) when the fluorine doping level was 5 at%. 相似文献
7.
Efficient and fully solution-processed blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on fluorescent small-molecule and methanol/water soluble conjugated polymer as electron-injection material are reported. The emitting layer is 3,6-bis(9,9,9′,9′-tetrakis (6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl)-9H,9′H-[2,2′-bifluoren]-7-yl)dib-nzo[b, d]thiophene 5, 5-dioxide (OCSoC) with a blue-fluorescent small-molecule, and a methanol/water soluble polymer poly[(9,9-bis(30-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)] (PFN) acted as electron-injection layer (EIL). All the organic layers are spin-coated from solution. The multilayer device structure with emitting layer/electron-injection layer is achieved by solution-processed method without the dissolution problem between layers. The performances of the devices show that the maximum luminous efficiency of the multilayer device is increased about 43%, compared to the single-layer device. PFN acting as the EIL material plays a key role in the improvement of the device performance when used in solution-processed small-molecule OLEDs. 相似文献
8.
9.
湘中海相浅层湘冷1井酸压工艺研究及应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
湘冷1井具有气层埋藏浅(400m-500m)、纵向上裂隙发育的特点,属低孔、低渗的含泥质灰岩致密储层。大量室内实验和研究采用“前置液酸压+闭合酸化”工艺技术,并优选了相应降阻酸和闭合酸配方。通过酸压实现了该井工业油气流的突破,取得了明显的增产效果,为新区海相浅层气的开发探索出了一套成熟的改造增产措施。 相似文献
10.
移动通信系统中功率控制研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在阐述功率控制在移动通信系统中的发展过程的基础上,着重研究了WCDMA系统的功率控制,最后对功率控制未来的研究方向做了简要的分析。 相似文献