Role of Perceived Importance in Intergroup Contact.

Furthering G. W. Allport's (1954) contentions for optimal contact, the authors introduce a new construct: the perceived importance of contact. They propose that perceived importance is the best proximal predictor of contact's reduction of prejudice. If individuals have opportunities for contact at work or in the neighborhood, their chances to have intergroup acquaintances and friends increase. Intergroup contact among acquaintances and friends can be perceived as more or less important, which in turn determines intergroup evaluations. A 1st study shows that the new measure of perceived importance is indeed distinct from established quantity and quality indicators. The results are cross-validated in a 2nd study that also sheds light on the meaning of importance. In 3rd and 4th studies, structural equation analyses and a meta-analysis support the hypotheses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

“菜鸟“小议

近年来,"菜鸟"作为一个新兴词语在网络上广为流传,甚至波及到社会生活的方方面面.通过语素分析和近义比较,可以来考察此词的读音和意义.     

Have it your way and mine: The theory of styles

Olsen is right to note what can be done with a good theory and the right machine. His particular theory, however, is not transferable to literary studies. If we need a new model, I would suggest that cognitive science can provide a few interesting ones. I have begun to do some work based on David Marr's VISION, in which he hypothesizes two levels of processing within the visual module. My speculation has been on the parallel existence of distinguishable levels of conceptual or language organization which would correspond to the viewer and object centered perspectives Marr describes for vision. I propose to explore the possibility that we may find here the model for the existence of stylistic individualism within overarching historical stylistic generalizations, and even more, that this may be what feminists are searching for when they try to resist being coopted by the masculine language of objectivity. Ellen Spolsky teaches English literature and literary theory and is the Director of the Lechter Institute for Literary Research at Bar-Ilan University, Israel. Her latest book is Gaps in Nature: Literary Interpretation and the Modular Mind(SUNY Press, 1993).     

建构,真实的谎言——再提实用、经济与美观

通过理论和实例的分析,揭示了纯粹建构的不可得,以及时下追求“建构”概念的真正意义     

谈东方女性的美

东方女性是美的,这种美既包括内在美,又包括外在美,外在美主要表现为人体美、服饰美、风度美,内在美主要是指心灵美,主要表现为人生观、理想、性格、情操、修养等。     

元刊杂剧特指式反问句

详细描写了元刊杂剧特指式反问句的结构及意义，指出反问句用疑问句的形式表达与语表形式相反的“言外之意”，其基本语用意义是评价，特指式的反问意义是在具体的语言环境中形成的。     

月光之丽、变彩之奇的月光石

根据所藏月光石的光薄片鉴定研究，阐述了月光石的美学特征和产生原因。介绍了月光石的产出特征和相应的月光石文化，同时介绍了我国关于“和氏壁”属性与月光石关系的研究历史及现状。     

辽东含硼岩系条痕状角闪混合岩特征及其找矿意义

痕状角闪混合岩与其围岩变（浅）粒岩为渐变过渡关系.并呈现一些特殊的结构构造.其岩石化学成份变化波动性较大,说明岩石化学成分不稳定,与矿化含量的不稳定性一致.其特殊的岩石化学组成显示为混合岩特征.条痕状角闪混合岩石稀土总量ΣREE的平均值为207.18 ppm;（Ce/ΣY平均值为3.25;La/Yb为平均值为 6.48,δEu平均为 0.48,Eu/Sm平均值为0.16.这些特点与里尔峪组的各种变（浅）粒岩相似,是层状混合花岗岩.     

Why does language matter to artificial intelligence?

Artificial intelligence, conceived either as an attempt to provide models of human cognition or as the development of programs able to perform intelligent tasks, is primarily interested in theuses of language. It should be concerned, therefore, withpragmatics. But its concern with pragmatics should not be restricted to the narrow, traditional conception of pragmatics as the theory of communication (or of the social uses of language). In addition to that, AI should take into account also the mental uses of language (in reasoning, for example) and the existential dimensions of language as a determiner of the world we (and our computers) live in. In this paper, the relevance of these three branches of pragmatics-sociopragmatics, psychopragmatics, and ontopragmatics-for AI are explored.