利用马铃薯淀粉下脚液生产饮料工艺的研究

本实验尝试从马铃薯中提取蛋白质等成份，并适当添加姜汁，制成一种新型饮料，对饮料生产的工艺条件作了详细探讨，成功地解决了马铃薯褐变及沉淀等问题，确定了最佳配方及工艺。     

Enzymic browning of sulphocatechol

When sulphur dioxide inhibits the enzymic browning of catechol catalysed by mushroom tyrosinase, the main reaction product is 4-sulphocatechol. When assessed for its browning potential, this product appears to be unreactive and does not inhibit the enzyme.     

Enzymatic Browning in Apple Pulps

Enzymatic browning in Golden Delicious apple pulp was studied as related to degree of ripeness and temperature (3.5–31°C). Green apple pulp showed the highest rate of browning. This was attributable to differences in ascorbic acid (AA) content and polyphenoloxidase activity in young fruits. The rate of browning determined by CIE L* measurements followed complex temperature dependent kinetics, represented by a multiple linear effects with log time. Equal changes in L* parameter yielded straight lines in a log temperature vs log time plot. Inhibition with AA caused an initial slow rate of browning and a well defined break point associated with exhaustion of antioxidant properties of the AA. The greater the AA concentration the longer the initial period.     

苹果汁中糖和氨基酸的美拉德反应动力学模拟研究

在苹果汁的热加工过程中,美拉德反应对其质量的影响是极其重要的.为了能控制象美拉德反应这样复杂的反应,必须对其进行定量研究.本文通过对苹果汁中主要糖和氨基酸的美拉德反应动力学模拟.阐述了苹果汁中非酶褐变的美拉德反应机理,应用反应动力学原理,定量地描述反应的变化和预测反应随时间-温度的变化规律.     

柑橘皮渣 / 淀粉基可降解复合缓冲材料的制备及性能表征

在淀粉基材中添加不同含量的柑橘皮渣共混挤出,制备可降解复合缓冲包装材料,通过对半径膨胀率、表观密度、压缩强度、扫描电镜、吸湿率和红外光谱性能的分析,对比材料之间存在的结构差异,探索柑橘皮渣含量对复合材料性能的影响。研究表明:柑橘皮渣的添加降低了淀粉基复合材料的表观密度及压缩强度;柑橘皮渣质量分数为30%和50%的试样能较快达到吸湿平衡状态,且吸湿量低于纯淀粉材料;质量分数为30%的试样具有最大的半径膨胀率,并呈现最佳的泡孔状态。     

柑橘皮中果胶的萃取方法研究进展

柑橘在加工生产橘汁和新鲜使用时,约产生30％～50％的皮渣,这些皮渣中有许多有用的成份,果胶是其主要化学成份之一。约占20％～30％。因此将无用橘皮转变为有用的物质,使废弃的天然有机化学资源得到合理利用,可以为国家创造巨大的经济财富。本文主要对目前国内外柑橘皮中果胶的几种萃取研究方法进行了综述。     

氨基酸对葡萄糖-天冬酰胺模拟体系中丙烯酰胺形成的抑制作用研究

目的 研究4种氨基酸对已建立的葡萄糖-天冬酰胺模拟体系中丙烯酰胺生成的影响。方法 以葡萄糖-天冬酰胺组为对照组,在此基础上分别加入半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸和谷氨酸4种氨基酸为实验组,于140℃反应5～30min,测定反应后模拟体系的褐变程度、色差值、生成丙烯酰胺含量和剩余葡萄糖含量。结果 4种氨基酸中,半胱氨酸和谷氨酸对模拟体系中的褐变度和色差值的抑制作用较好;半胱氨酸和赖氨酸对底物葡萄糖的消耗作用较快;半胱氨酸对丙烯酰胺的抑制效果最好,抑制率为(76.00±0.73)%,其他氨基酸的抑制率分别为甘氨酸(38.39±0.44)%、赖氨酸(51.03±3.09)%和谷氨酸(28.76±2.43)%;进一步研究发现,当添加4.2mmol半胱氨酸时,丙烯酰胺抑制率达(95.32±0.47)%。结论 4种氨基酸相比,半胱氨酸对丙烯酰胺形成的抑制效果最好,且对于降低葡萄糖-天冬酰胺模拟体系的褐变度、色差值、葡萄糖含量有较好的效果。     

Effect of rice bran protein extract on enzymatic browning inhibition in potato puree

Effect of rice bran protein extract (RBPE) on enzymatic browning inhibition in potato puree was studied by colour measurement and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition. RBPE inhibited browning in potato puree and showed a higher per cent potato PPO inhibition at pH 4.0 and 5.0 than those at pH 3.0, 6.0 and 7.0 (P ≤ 0.05). RBPE heated to 40 and 60 °C had browning inhibition in potato puree and per cent potato PPO inhibition at a similar extent to unheated RBPE (P > 0.05). Browning inhibition and per cent potato PPO inhibition of RBPE were decreased when it was heated to 80 °C (P ≤ 0.05). RBPE inhibited browning in potato puree higher than 5, 10 and 20 mm ascorbic acid and 5 and 10 mm citric acid (P ≤ 0.05). Regarding the kinetics study, RBPE exhibited a mixed‐type inhibition for potato PPO. Therefore, RBPE has a potential to be used as a natural antibrowning agent in the potato industry.     

肉苁蓉细胞继代培养过程中的褐变控制

肉苁蓉细胞在培养过程中易发生褐变. 通过对褐变前后细胞的多酚含量、褐变强度与多酚氧化酶活性的比较,确定了肉苁蓉多酚氧化酶酶促褐变是肉苁蓉褐变的主要原因. 通过测定不同pH下的酶活性,确定肉苁蓉多酚氧化酶的最适pH为5.8~6.0. 在最适pH条件下,比较了维生素C(Vc)、柠檬酸、Na2SO3等对肉苁蓉多酚氧化酶活性的影响,发现这几种物质对多酚氧化酶活性均有抑制效果,其中Vc随浓度的增大对多酚氧化酶的抑制作用显著,当其浓度达到0.6 mg/L时,多酚氧化酶的酶活降低为最适酶活的5.1%. 进一步在肉苁蓉细胞继代培养中添加Vc配合使用活性炭,优化出Vc-活性炭培养基. 添加1.0 g/L活性炭和3.0 mg/L Vc(附加1.0 mg/L IAA和4.0 mg/L KT)的B5培养基能有效抑制细胞褐变,使细胞褐变程度仅为原来的21%,细胞生长旺盛,最大细胞相对增长量(干重)提高了25.4%.