Progressive NO2 Sensors with Rapid Alarm and Persistent Memory-Type Responses for Wide-Range Sensing Using Antimony Triselenide Nanoflakes

Antimony triselenide (Sb₂Se₃) nanoflake-based nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) sensors exhibit a progressive bifunctional gas-sensing performance, with a rapid alarm for hazardous highly concentrated gases, and an advanced memory-type function for low-concentration (<1 ppm) monitoring repeated under potentially fatal exposure. Rectangular and cuboid shaped Sb₂Se₃ nanoflakes, comprising van der Waals planes with large surface areas and covalent bond planes with small areas, can rapidly detect a wide range of NO₂ gas concentrations from 0.1 to 100 ppm. These Sb₂Se₃ nanoflakes are found to be suitable for physisorption-based gas sensing owing to their anisotropic quasi-2D crystal structure with extremely enlarged van der Waals planes, where they are humidity-insensitive and consequently exhibit an extremely stable baseline current. The Sb₂Se₃ nanoflake sensor exhibits a room-temperature/low-voltage operation, which is noticeable owing to its low energy consumption and rapid response even under a NO₂ gas flow of only 1 ppm. As a result, the Sb₂Se₃ nanoflake sensor is suitable for the development of a rapid alarm system. Furthermore, the persistent gas-sensing conductivity of the sensor with a slow decaying current can enable the development of a progressive memory-type sensor that retains the previous signal under irregular gas injection at low concentrations.     

Curie Temperatures of III–V Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Calculated from First-Principles in Mean Field Approximation

Electronic structure and ferromagnetism in III–V compound-based diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are investigated based on first-principles calculations by using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method combined with the coherent-potential-approximation. The stability of the ferromagnetic phase in GaN-, GaAs-, GaP-, GaSb-based DMS is investigated systematically. The calculations show that 3d-impurities from the first-half of the transition metal series favor the ferromagnetic state, while impurities from the latter-half of the series exhibit spin-glass behavior. This chemical trend in the magnetism is explained by the double exchange mechanism taking the local symmetry at the impurity gap states into account. Curie temperatures of GaAs- and GaN-based DMS are estimated by using the Heisenberg model in a mean field approximation with the parameters calculated from first-principles. It is suggested that room-temperature ferromagnetism can be realized in these systems.     

Magnetic effects of direct ion implantation of Mn and Fe into p-GaN

In p-GaN implanted with Mn (3×10¹⁶ cm⁻² at 250 keV), the material after annealing shows ferromagnetic properties below 250 K. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of platelet structures with hexagonal symmetry. These regions are most likely Ga_xMn_1−xN, which produce the ferromagnetic contribution to the magnetization. In p-GaN implanted with Fe, the material after annealing showed ferromagnetic properties at temperatures that were dependent on the Fe dose, but were below 200 K in all cases. In these samples, TEM and diffraction analysis did not reveal any secondary phase formation. The results for the Fe implantation are similar to those reported for Fe doping during epitaxial growth of GaN.     

W-Cu材料室温强度和组织均匀性的影响因素

用浸透法对孔隙度为12%～17%的烧结钨进行了渗铜试验 ,研究了影响低铜含量的W -Cu材料室温бb及渗铜组织均匀性的因素 ,研究结果表明 ,铜对钨骨架的强化和韧化机制对提高W -Cu材料的室温бb 有重要作用 ;钨骨架具有合适的孔隙度是W -Cu材料获取均匀一致的渗铜组织的重要条件。     

Analysis of chill-cast NiAl intermetallic compound with copper additions

This study carried out a characterization of chill-cast NiAl alloys with copper additions, which were added to NiAl, such that the resulting alloy composition occurred in the β-field of the ternary NiAlCu phase diagram. The alloys were vacuum induction melted and casted in copper chill molds to produce ingots 0.002 m thick, 0.020 m wide, and 0.050 m long. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed in chill-cast ingots identified mainly the presence of the β-(Ni,Cu)Al phase. As-cast ingots showed essentially no ductility at room temperature except for the Ni₅₀Al₄₀Cu₁₀ alloy, which showed 1.79% of elongation at room temperature. Ingots with this alloy composition were then heat treated under a high-purity argon atmosphere at 550 °C (24 h) and cooled either in the furnace or in air, until room temperature was reached. β-(Ni,Cu)Al and γ′(Ni,Cu)₃Al were present in specimens cooled in the furnace and β-(Ni,Cu)Al, γ′(Ni,Cu)₃Al plus martensite-(Ni,Cu)Al were present in specimens cooled in air. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that martensite transformation was the result of a solid-state reaction with M _s ∼ 470 and M _f ∼ 430 °C. Tensile tests performed on bulk heat-treated ingots showed room-temperature ductility between 3 and 6%, depending on the cooling media.     

聚二甲基硅氧烷涂层材料的研究

采用一定粘度的聚二甲基硅氧烷为基体，加入适量填料和助剂，成功制备了室温硫化硅橡胶涂层。研究了气相法SiO2和交联剂对涂层材料的影响，并进行了TG和SEM测试。研究结果表明：填料的添加明显改善了涂层的力学性能和耐高温性能，拉伸强度迭1．42MPa，可耐温288℃；并且该涂层有较好的耐水和耐酸、盐性能，耐碱性能有待进一步改善。     

钙钛矿型铋铁氧体纳米微粒的弱铁磁性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同粒径的纯净单相钙钛矿型BiFeO3纳米微粒. X射线衍射分析表明，BiFeO3纳米微粒仍为菱方结构，但晶格畸变随颗粒尺寸的减小而增大. 磁测量显示，BiFeO3纳米微粒具有明显弱铁磁性，且弱铁磁性随温度升高显著降低. 弱铁磁性的自发磁化强度随温度升高呈线性下降，磁化强度和磁化率均随颗粒尺寸的减小而增大. 穆斯堡尔谱分析揭示，颗粒愈小，自旋倾角愈大，其分布也愈宽. 从纳米微粒小尺寸效应和表面效应入手，讨论了BiFeO3纳米微粒结构与磁结构和弱铁磁性的关系.     

影响宝温硫化硅橡胶耐高温涂层性能相关因素的分析

以聚二甲基硅氧烷为基体制备了一种耐高温涂层材料。探讨和分析了中空玻璃微珠和阻燃剂A的含量,不同溶剂、增塑剂的用量等因素对材料性能的影响。结果表明,随着中空玻璃微珠含量的增加,涂层材料的耐温性能有所提高;阻燃剂A的含量在20%以上时,阻燃效果非常明显;四氯化碳是单一溶剂的最佳选择;增塑剂用量一般控制在5%~8%。     

室温离子液体1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯的合成及电导率研究

利用硫酸二甲酯分别与N-甲基及N-丁基咪唑在室温下反应,一步合成了离子液体1-甲基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯,测定了在不同温度下离子液体的电导率.结果表明:随着温度的升高,离子液体的电导率迅速增加;同时电导率与温度的变化关系符合多项式方程和Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher(VTF)方程.     

Coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic in Mn-doped anatase TiO2 nanowires

A series of Mn-doped TiO_2 nanowires (NWs) were prepared by hydrothermal method at the mole fraction of Mn changing from 0 to 12.0%. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that all the samples have pure anatase structure. SEM and TEM studies show that the diameter and the length of the Mn-doped TiO_2 NWs are larger than those of the undoped TiO_2 NWs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) reveals that the samples are composed of Ti, Mn and O. According to magnetization measurements, all samples show ferromagnetic behavior, but only the undopedTiO_2 NWs are completely ferromagnetic with a saturated magnetization about 1.0 mA·m~2/kg. Mn-doped TiO_2 samples exhibit antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic (AF-FM) behaviors simultaneously. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrate the existence of MnO_2 sublattice. These observations indicate that an AF-WF crossover is induced by the coexistence of TiO_2 sublattice and MnO_2 sublattice.