Studies on the microstructure of the black-glazed bowl sherds excavated from the Jian kiln site of ancient China

The Jian kiln, located in present-day Jianyang county of Fujian province, mainly produced black-glazed tea bowls. Jian tea bowl was used as a utensil for tea tasting and was greatly appreciated by emperor Huizong of the Northern Song dynasty. The black glaze of Jian bowl was sometimes marked with streaks or spots, usually called “hare's fur” or “oil spot”, which are the crystalline markings of iron oxide precipitated during firing in the dragon kiln. In this study, black-glazed Jian bowl sherds excavated from the late Northern Song strata of Luhuaping and Daluhoumen Jian kiln sites were adopted as test samples. Based on the physico-chemical foundation for the formation of glaze microstructure, the correlation among composition, microstructure, and visual appearance has been investigated by means of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and field emission electron microscopy. For the first time, the study provides realizing proofs for two kinds of microstructural forming mechanics.     

中国古陶瓷碗底足的变迁及其原因

碗底足的变迁是整个古陶瓷历史变迁的一个缩影。底足鉴定是古陶瓷鉴定的一个重要组成部分。针对碗底足变化的主要特征和碗底足变迁的主要原因，深入浅出地论述了碗底足经历的平底和圈足两大发展阶段，以及推动碗底足发生演变的窑炉技术、装烧方法、成型工艺等制瓷工艺原因和社会经济文化原因。     

影响唐宋瓷质碗类样式的几点因素

从成型工艺、烧成工艺以及模仿金银器皿等三个方面论述了中国陶瓷器皿中的碗类样式随工艺技术的发展而发生的变化，其变化的过程反映了各个朝代的陶瓷工艺和技术的成就。     

Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. extracts: evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative activity and their ability to reduce microbial growth on fresh‐cut salad

With the aim to develop natural preservatives displaying also chemopreventive activity, different Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. extracts were studied. Myrrh essential oils, obtained by steam distillation and microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation, and several other extracts, obtained by sequential procedures with petroleum ether (PE), ethanol, ethyl acetate and butanol, have been screened for their antioxidant (DPPH· scavenging assay) and antiproliferative activity (on both nontumour and colon cancer cell lines) without previous purification. Considering that the colon cancer cell lines were more sensitive to PE and ethanol extracts, the latter of which showed the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 = 0.160 ± 0.008 mg mL^?1), both have been selected for further antibacterial/antifungal activity tests using an antimicrobial diffusion test and a growth inhibition test on salads. Results showed that the ethanol extract possessed the higher antibacterial and antifungal activity. Compared to untreated product, fresh‐cut salads treated with these two myrrh extracts displayed a significant lower bacterial growth. Although further investigation is required, these promising results offer hints as how to improve the shelf life of fresh‐cut salad.     

Imitation of ancient black-glazed Jian bowls (Yohen Tenmoku): Fabrication and characterization

Yohen Tenmoku is a kind of famous black glazed Jian bowls made in ancient China. Here, imitations of Oil Spot Yohen Tenmoku were sintered at about 1280 °C in a shuttle kiln with oxygen flow. Microstructure characteristics and chemical compositions were investigated by a combination of X-ray based and photon based characterization methods. The results showed that quartz and mullite were the main crystalline phases in the bowl bodies. At the glaze surface of the bowl, the highly reflective red iridescence and the silvery appearance of Oil Spot patterns were resulted from the precipitation of hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) crystals. A detailed study has revealed the partially ordered microstructure within one Oil Spot which produced the striking optical effects.     

胶乳分离机高速转鼓内流场的数值分析

为了得到胶乳分离机高速转鼓在离心力场作用下的内部流场规律,建立胶乳物理特征、转鼓结构及转速与流场压力、速度之间的相互关系。基于FLUENT软件,对仿真建模、边界条件设置、计算方法进行了研究;选择混合多相流和层流模型,利用转鼓流场二维模型对内部流场进行了数值模拟,分析得到了流场的压力云图、速度云图以及出流区速度矢量图,定量评价了不同转速下流场压力、速度的变化,提出了一种利用特征参数验证模型的方法。分析结果表明:转鼓内流体压力、速度与流体所处半径成正比,流体速度、压力分别与转鼓转速呈一次、二次正比例关系,在工作转速下最大液体压力为10.4 MPa,重相出流区比轻相出流区存在更明显的漩涡现象,碟片间隙内液体流动状态为层流,仿真结果与理论计算值、文献压力数据及特征参数实测值较一致,验证了分析模型和分析方法的有效性。本研究为胶乳离心分离工艺、转鼓流场及结构优化提供了理论依据和分析方法。     

米糠色拉油中试研究报告

选用国产定型设备与自行设计的脱蜡和脱脂专用设备组成米糠色拉油精炼生产线。在多次生产试验的基础上,确定了先脱胶、脱蜡,后脱酸、脱色、脱臭及冬化脱脂的工艺路线。用国产设备及生产线炼制出达到国家质量标准的米糠色拉油     

油隔泵的技术改造

本文介绍了油隔离泥浆泵的工作原理，通过分析没隔离泥浆泵使用效果不佳的原因，得出油隔离泥浆泵改造的必要性。通过工业试验的结果，得出油隔泵的技术改造是可行的。     

高效污泥脱水系统在石化领域的应用

对卧螺离心机脱水系统在延安炼油厂“三泥”脱水处理中的应用作了介绍，并且对该系统的运行情况、最佳投药量、技术特点等方面作了简单介绍，证明该脱水系统的运行效果较好，适于在炼化领域进行推广。     

土方施工中铲运机自碾规律的探讨

在对土方施工进行长时间观察和试验的基础上，对黄河上大堤加培、新修大堤、新修险工坝垛三种主要土方施工程铲运机自碾的规律性进行了定性分析和定量估算，使推土机在保证质量的前提下，适当减少碾压量，防止欠压和减少局部过压，降低工程造价。