烟机结垢的成因分析及防范措施

通过对烟机垢物的元素和晶体组成进行表征，分析其形成条件，计算验证并探讨垢物的形成过程，并提出应对防范措施。烟机结垢过程为：极少数原料油滴在反应汽化段内未完全汽化，未汽化油黏附在催化剂细粉表面并缩合生焦；部分焦炭颗粒未在再生器内烧尽，进入烟道后继续燃烧达到细粉的熔融温度，转化为液相黏性物质；携带微量高温熔融粉尘的烟气在三级旋风分离器下料口、烟机叶片等部位受高速离心作用，黏附到易结垢部位，形成无定形垢物。可通过提升原料油喷嘴雾化效果，调整合适的剂油比和系统细粉含量来减少烟机结垢。     

透平膨胀机转速波动异常分析及处理

介绍了透平膨胀机转速表显示转速大幅度波动的情况,分析了原因并提出了处理方案。     

再造鼓形膨胀器

介绍了本钢不停产安装再造煤气管道鼓形膨胀器的实践，并对制造、安装方法进行了叙述，特别是在结构上采用了独特的构槽密封焊缝和完整的安装程序，保证了实施的安全。     

新节能脱甲烷系统

在某30万t乙烯装置低压脱甲烷系统的基础上,应用流程模拟技术开发出一套新的节能的脱甲烷系统。新系统在流程中引入膨胀机,有效避免了气体节流的能量损失;调整、优化了原有的工艺参数,减少了直接节流到塔压的裂解气量;对系统换热网络重新进行了匹配,更加合理利用了各股物料的冷量,使脱甲烷塔回流比、甲烷压缩机负荷以及乙烯冷剂消耗均有所降低。模拟结果表明,新系统总计节能达到1377 kW。     

GHH烟气膨胀机叶片的国产化及使用情况分析

简要介绍了石家庄炼油厂GHH公司生产的烟气膨胀机叶片国产化情况、使用中出现的问题以及改进方法，肯定了进口机组叶片国产化的工作思路。     

Air-source heat pump coupled with economized vapor injection scroll compressor and ejector:Design and experimental research

Ejector can utilize high pressure energy from liquid mechanism,it can be used in heat pump system coupled with economized vapor injection(EVI)scroll compressor.When running under low temperature conditions,the performance of the EVI system with ejector can be improved further.In this paper,the design method of the heat pump system with ejector is presented,and the process for designing the heat pump with ejector(EVIe)was summarized.One prototype heat pump was designed under the condition of the evaporation ...     

涡旋曲面铣削加工工艺改进

涡旋线是一种曲率在时刻变化的复杂曲线,涡旋面铣削加工中,动态前后角、切削层厚度(切深)以及切削力都随之变化,如果切削用量设计不当,将使动态切削状态恶化,严重降低刀具寿命,影响加工效率,这些影响切削性能的因素都与进给量直接有关。当曲率增大,切深加大,动态后角变小,以及切削力增加,这种现象明显地表现在涡旋曲线接近中心的部位,往往导致刀具急剧磨损以致断裂,严重影响生产率。因此涡旋曲面铣削加工进给率计算必须考虑其曲率的变化,但通常是根据经验按曲率的变化分段安排进给率,不是以精确计算为依据。为了改进涡旋曲面铣削加工工艺,本文工作结合涡旋压缩机主体涡旋盘常用的涡旋线建立数学模型,计算单位时间进给的切削层厚度,提出进给率优化方法,并利用Weilenmann方法计算相应的切削力,参照工艺性和经济性的要求、改善现行的涡旋加工工艺。     

三角转子膨胀机在跨临界CO2制冷循环中的应用分析

在高压比跨临界CO₂制冷循环中,采用膨胀机替代节流元件对提高循环效率有较大的潜力。分析了以三角转子机械作为膨胀机的运行机理,对三角转子膨胀机的工作过程进行计算和分析,并从形状因子、转子型线、进气角度、偏心距和轴距系数入手,讨论了影响三角转子膨胀机的影响因素。在设定情况下,使用三角转子膨胀机可以通过将10 MPa、313.15 K的超临界CO₂膨胀至3.49 MPa、273.69 K,并将制冷系数提高23.7%。形状因子和进气角度是影响膨胀机运行效果的主要因素,需选取适当的参数来提高效率。     

A new algorithm for sparse interpolation of multivariate polynomials

To reconstruct a black box multivariate sparse polynomial from its floating point evaluations, the existing algorithms need to know upper bounds for both the number of terms in the polynomial and the partial degree in each of the variables. Here we present a new technique, based on Rutishauser’s qd$qd$-algorithm, in which we overcome both drawbacks.     

A bilevel mixed-integer program for critical infrastructure protection planning

Vulnerability to sudden service disruptions due to deliberate sabotage and terrorist attacks is one of the major threats of today. In this paper, we present a bilevel formulation of the r-interdiction median problem with fortification (RIMF). RIMF identifies the most cost-effective way of allocating protective resources among the facilities of an existing but vulnerable system so that the impact of the most disruptive attack to r unprotected facilities is minimized. The model is based upon the classical p-median location model and assumes that the efficiency of the system is measured in terms of accessibility or service provision costs. In the bilevel formulation, the top level problem involves the decisions about which facilities to fortify in order to minimize the worst-case efficiency reduction due to the loss of unprotected facilities. Worst-case scenario losses are modeled in the lower-level interdiction problem. We solve the bilevel problem through an implicit enumeration (IE) algorithm, which relies on the efficient solution of the lower-level interdiction problem. Extensive computational results are reported, including comparisons with earlier results obtained by a single-level approach to the problem.