Research and application of automatic control system of argon blowing at ladle shroud

Argon blowing at the ladle shroud requires the best flow control strategy to effectively avoid the secondary oxidation of molten steel, slag entrapment and heat loss during the casting of the tundish, and at the same time, give full play to the role of bubbles to remove inclusions. Therefore, an automatic control system for argon blowing at the ladle shroud was proposed. The data collected by S7-300PLC and software programming were used to adjust the argon blowing flow online in real time according to factors such as pouring and continuous pouring. On this basis, PID control algorithm and closed loop control mechanism were used for real time adjustment. The flow control valve ensures theminimum deviation between the actual value of the flow and the set value. The production data of this system in the first quarter of 2021 in a special steel plant show that the proportion of furnaces with an acid soluble aluminum (Als) loss percentage of less than 10% of each steel grade has increased by 5.52%, and the proportion of furnaces with an Als loss percentage of more than 60% has increased from 1% decrease to 0. The actual application results show that the use of the system improves the surface quality of the continuous casting slab and the performance of the final product.     

反应堆堆芯围筒结构热流固耦合热变形分析

针对反应堆堆芯围筒热流固耦合问题,采用三维有限元法研究堆芯围筒的热变形.考察ANSYS的三维实体热单元SOLID 70,三维实体单元SOLID 45,三维表面热效应单元SURF 152和三维热-流耦合管单元FLUID 116等单元类型的特点和实用性.建立堆芯围筒、吊篮和冷却剂的温度分析有限元模型：堆芯围筒和吊篮采用SOLID 70,结构表面与冷却剂的对流传热表面采用SURF152,堆芯围筒与吊篮之间冷却剂采用FLUID 116.采用SOLID 45建立堆芯围筒有限元模型,根据得到的堆芯围筒、吊篮和冷却剂的温度场结果分析堆芯围筒热变形.结果表明,在考虑堆芯围筒及吊篮固体和流体的交叉耦合的基础上,采用三维有限元法能比较客观地模拟反应堆堆芯处的复杂运行环境.     

Rotordynamic forces generated by discharge-to-suction leakage flows in centrifugal pumps

In order to investigate the flow-induced vibration in the shroud passage of centrifugal pump and predict rotordynamic forces of centrifugal pump rotor system,an analysis of rotordynamic forces arising from shrouded centrifugal pump is presented. CFD techniques were utilized to analyze the full three-dimensional viscous,primary/secondary flow field in a centrifugal pump impeller to determine rotordynamic forces. Multiple quasi-steady solutions of an eccentric three-dimensional model at different whirl frequency ratios yielded the rotordynamic forces. The skew-symmetric stiffness,damping,and mass matrices were obtained by second-order least-squares analysis. Simulation of the coupled primary/secondary flow field was conducted,and the complex flow characteristics in the flow field of a shroud passage were achieved including the mean velocity and pressure,as well as the eddy in a large scale of flow field due to viscosity. The rotordynamic force coefficients were calculated,and the results were in good agreement with those of experiment except for the direct inertial coefficient without the consideration of whirling forces from the impeller primary flow passage.     

塔河油田电泵全密封导流罩的应用分析

针对塔河油田95/8"套管流经电机速度慢,机组散热难及普通导流罩稀稠油混配不均的问题,开展了全密封导流罩技术研究。结果表明,全密封导流罩可提高流速23倍,成功解决机组散热难题。通过优化管柱组合,提高稀稠油混配效果,稀稠比下降0.1,异常停机下降5%,确保电泵平稳运行,延长电泵运行寿命。     

汽轮机带冠叶片阻尼振动特性的有限元分析

根据汽轮机叶片外形特点,在3D建模软件Solidworks中建立Z型叶冠单叶、成组叶片及整圈叶片的实体模型,通过ALGOR软件的机械运动仿真（ MES ）功能,计算带冠叶片组在不同冠间间隙、不同激励频率和幅值下的碰摩减振规律特性,并对所得结果进行分析。结果表明：通过冠间相互碰摩可有效减小叶片振动,当冠间间隙介于0．2 mm到0．5 mm之间时,碰摩减振效果最好;外部激振力对旋转产生的动应力影响较小,在特定的间隙值下,随激振力的变化叶片应力峰值变化较小。这些结论对汽轮机末级叶片的设计有重要的指导意义。     

In situ repair welding of steam turbine shroud for replacing a cracked blade

A root-cracked blade in a high-pressure steam turbine of a nuclear power plant had to be replaced with a new blade by cutting the shroud to remove the cracked blade. This necessitated in situ welding of a new shroud piece with the existing shroud after the blade replacement. The in situ welding of the shroud, a 12% Cr martensitic stainless steel with tempered martensite microstructure, was carried out using gastungsten arc welding and 316L austenitic stainless steel filler metal followed by localized postweld heat treatment at 873 K for 1 h using a specially designed electrical resistance-heating furnace. Mock-up trials were carried out to ensure that sound welds could be made under the constraints present during the in situ repair welding operation. In situ metallography of the repair weld after postweld heat treatment confirmed the adequate tempering of the martensitic structure in the heat-affected zone. Metallurgical investigations carried out in the laboratory on a shroud test-piece that had been welded using the same procedure as employed in the field confirmed the success of the in situ repair operation. The alternate option available was replacing the cracked blade and the shroud piece to which it is riveted with a new one, reducing the height of all the blades attached to the shroud by machining, riveting the blades with reduced height to the new shroud, and, finally, dynamic balancing of the entire turbine after completion of the repair. This option is both time-consuming and expensive. Hence, the successful completion of this repair welding resulted in enormous savings both in terms of reducing the downtime of the plant and the cost of the repair. The turbine has been put back into service and has been operating satisfactorily since December 2000.     

New attachment for controlling gas flow in the HVOF process

During the decade, the high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) process proved to be a technological alternative to the many conventional thermal spray processes. It would be very advantageous to design a nozzle that provides improved performance in the areas of deposition efficiency, particle in-flight oxidation, and flexibility to allow deposition of ceramic coatings. Based on a numerical analysis, a new attachment to a standard HVOF torch was modeled, designed, tested, and used to produce thermal spray coatings according to the industrial needs mentioned above. Performance of the attachment was investigated by spraying several coating materials including metal and ceramic powders. Particle conditions and spatial distribution, as well as gas phase composition, corresponding to the new attachment and the standard HVOF gun, were compared. The attachment provides better particle spatial distribution, combined with higher particle velocity and temperature. The original version of this article was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), 5–8 May, 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Ed., ASM International, 2003.     

日立300MW机组围带裂纹的分析及处理方法

针对湖北鄂州发电有限责任公司的2台300MW机组18级围带的进汽侧自铆钉头处开始的贯穿性裂纹进行分析和讨论,找出裂纹产生的原因,并提出处理措施.实施后机组顺利投运.     

Reactivity of Monochlorobenzene and Its Derivatives toward Solvated Electrons in Lower Aliphatic Alcohols

Monochlorobenzene and its para- or meta-substituted derivatives were irradiated with -γ-rays in methanol, ethanol and n-propanol containing nitrous oxide to elucidate the reactivities of these organic solutes toward solvated electrons, and also the effect of the substituent for the aromatic nucleus on the reactivities of these solutes. The value of G (N₂) is seen to decrease with increasing concentration of the organic solute. Relative rate constants of these organic solutes toward solvated electrons have been determined from the competition with nitrous oxide by observing the G(N₂) in there systems. Based on the results, the rate constants of the reactions of these derivatives of monochlorobenzene with solvated electrons relative to monochlorobenzene can be related to Hammett's σ function. The ρ value has been observed to be 3.3, 2.1 and 1.8 for methanol, ethanol and n-propanol respectively. The present data, together with that by Sherman⁽¹⁾ for 2-propanol, indicates that the ρ value is correlated linearly to the dielectric constant of the solvent. Some discussions are presented on the results thus obtained.