全动压气体轴承低温透平膨胀机的开发

设计了一台小型全动压气体轴承低温透平膨胀机，径向轴承采用新型弹性支承箔片径向气体轴承，止推轴承采用螺旋槽止推气体轴承。针对该透平膨胀机的机械性能做了大量试验，试验获得最大转速为220 000r/min，试验表明，该全动压气体轴承低温透平膨胀机运转稳定，对开发我国自己的全动压气体轴承低温透平膨胀机具有重要的意义。     

透平膨胀机叶轮耦合应力的强度有限元分析

根据透平膨胀机的工作原理,基于有限元分析理论,对透平膨胀机的主要部件叶轮进行了结构、温差和气动力耦合作用的强度分析,采用三维实体建模的方法,以叶轮的实际工况为输入条件,通过ANSYS有限元分析软件计算得到了离心力、温差应力和气动力共同作用下的叶轮应力应变分布状况,并对叶轮的安全性进行了校核分析。计算结果表明,气动力载荷使得离心力、温差应力作用时产生的应力应变有减小的趋势。所以,同时考虑离心力、温差应力及气动力耦合作用的叶轮应力应变值更符合叶轮的实际情况。     

Numerical optimization for fluid flow in turboexpander wheel of helium liquefaction plant

A radial turbine is one of the vital components of a helium liquefaction plant. The design of a turbine becomes critical due to its compact size and high-speed configuration. In this study, numerical optimization has been performed for the three-dimensional steady flow of helium gas in the radial inflow turbine of a helium liquefaction plant at a nominal condition. The mean line design is an appropriate method to obtain the approximate results. The computational fluid dynamics simulation algorithm is adopted in this study to reach the final results and Ansys CFX is used for the simulation. From the analysis, it has been reported that the number of rotor blades was overestimated in the mean line design. Performance parameters like total-to-static efficiency and velocity ratio were also found to be optimum numerically under a preliminary design condition. Finally, power of 1.7 kW was achieved at total-to-static efficiency of 71.4%. The deviation in analytical and numerical results is within $\pm 10\%$ for performance as well as geometric parameters.     

透平膨胀机气体轴承的数值模拟

应用ANSYS有限元软件对透平膨胀机的核心部件——气体轴承进行模态分析和谐响应分析,求解转子的振型、应力分布、固有频率和失稳转速。并对不同轴承半径间隙时的转子动力学分析,根据失稳转速的变化规律,得出所设计的双排径向静压气体轴承的最佳轴承半径间隙:Cr=0.02 mm。     

Study on the Dynamic Performance of the Helium Turboexpander for EAST Subsystems

An increase of the cooling capacities in the liquid helium temperature area is required by Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST) due to the extension of its subsystems in the near future.Limited by the heat exchangers,cryogenic pipes,and cryogenic valves,it is difficult to enlarge the present EAST helium system.10~2 W@4.5 K level helium cryogenic systems are needed in view of feasibility and economy.A turboexpander is the key component of a helium cryogenic system.In this article,a hydrostatic gas lubricated cryogenic helium turboexpander for a 900 W@4.5 K cryogenic helium system was developed for the EAST updated subsystem by the Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Cryogenic and Refrigeration of Xi'an Jiaotong University.The main components,such as gas bearings,expansion wheel,shaft,and brake wheel,were briefly presented.The dynamic performance of the journal and thrust gas bearings was investigated numerically.The rotordynamic performance of the developed turboexpander was studied experimentally.The results show that the axial and radial load capacities supplied by the journal gas bearing and thrust gas bearing are enough to balance the axial force and radial force of the rotor.A 43%overspeed operation was achieved,which validated the reasonable design of the turboexpander.     

中压低温透平膨胀机膨胀端三维数值模拟

采用CFD方法对某型号中压低温透平膨胀机膨胀端进行整机全周数值模拟,全面考虑了进气蜗壳、叶顶间隙气封、轮背气封和轴封等细节结构对膨胀端气动性能和流场的影响.研究结果表明:进气蜗壳的几何形状是造成喷嘴进口气流沿叶高方向分布不均匀的主要原因;轮背气封、叶顶气封和轴封内存在明显的旋涡流动,且叶顶气封是典型的后台阶流动,齿封内和台阶后旋涡涡轴方向相反;喷嘴和叶轮之间过小的间隙导致气流在喷嘴压力面一侧形成激波,激波/附面层干扰使叶片和下端壁附面层同时分离,在上、下端壁角区各形成一个弯曲的涡管,最后终止于动静交界面.     

低温氦透平膨胀机的研究进展

对低温氦透平膨胀机的近期研究进展进行了介绍，特别指出了动压气体轴承在透平膨胀机中的应用现状与前景。     

全新风家用空气制冷系统实验台性能测试

为解决空气制冷技术对气源的依赖问题,同时简化系统回收膨胀功,本文以高速电机驱动的无油气浮轴承压缩-膨胀一体机为核心部件,搭建了采用开式逆增压循环的全新风家用空气制冷系统实验台,可实现膨胀机、压缩机进出口的温度、压力、流量测量,并可与焓差室对接,获得制冷系统的制冷量和送风参数。在标准空调工况下进行了多个转速下的性能测试,额定转速为38 000 r/min时,制冷量为1.6 kW。送风温度随转速升高而降低,制冷量随转速升高而增大,基于该特点,空气制冷系统有直接送风和送风温度可调的优势,使空气制冷技术在新风空调领域的应用成为可能。     

箔片动压气体轴承在低温透平膨胀机中的应用

箔片动压气体轴承(CFB)采用弹性支承和顶层平箔组成的弹性箔片结构,具有极端环境下良好的抗转子不对中和高速下的抗涡动性能,对于实现低温透平膨胀机高效稳定运行具有重要意义。回顾了国内箔片动压气体径向轴承在低温透平膨胀机中的应用,阐述了分段弹性支承、粘弹性支承、波箔箔片、鼓泡箔片等几种典型箔片轴承在高速透平膨胀机上的研究进展及其支承特性。进一步分析对比了上述轴承对高速低温透平膨胀机转子动力学和气动特性的影响规律,结果显示CFB具有优异的静动态特性,能够实现高速低温透平膨胀机的稳定运转,与此同时保证了低温透平高速转子较小的同步涡动和稳定的轴心位置,在高速透平机械的应用领域具有重要价值。     

凝析油回收和天然气液化动态仿真模拟

焦汤绝热节流和透平机是凝析气轻烃回收和天然气液化的主要设备。给出了新的考虑效率核算的凝析气轻烃回收和天然气液化二级低温动态仿真模拟模型,利用PR方程对某凝析气藏地面工艺中的绝热节流膨胀和透平膨胀深冷分离过程进行了仿真模拟。结果表明,该方法可以较好地描述焦-汤绝热节流和透平膨胀过程。