Electrical Breakdown Properties and Space Charge Formation in High Temperature Region in Ultraviolet Ray Irradiated PVC

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most popular insulating material for electric wiring instruments. However, an exothermic reaction above 150 °C may cause deterioration of the insulating properties of PVC. Therefore, it is important to clarify the heat degradation in PVC, not only to investigate the ignition of electrical wiring products but also to use electrical products safely. It is known that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes chemical deterioration of PVC and an increase in its conductivity. Generally, it has been thought that the electrical breakdown properties, electrical conduction, and insulating performance are affected by space charge accumulation in an insulating material. A high temperature pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) system usable up to 250 °C has been developed, and the PEA system can measure the space charge distribution and conduction current in the high temperature range simultaneously. In this investigation, the space charge distribution and conduction current were measured up to electrical breakdown in a non‐UV irradiated sample (normal PVC) and in 353 nm and 253 nm UV‐irradiated PVC samples in the range from room temperature to 200 °C in a DC electric field. In the short wavelength UV irradiated PVC sample (253 nm, 300 h), a deterioration of breakdown strength at 90 °C to 150 °C and negative packet‐like charges were observed at 60 °C and 100 °C, a positive charge accumulated in front of both the anode and cathode above 90 °C, and a higher electric field near the cathode side because the positive charge of the cathode side was greater.     

Studies on high density polyethylene (HDPE) functionalized by ultraviolet irradiation and its application

The structure and properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) functionalized by ultraviolet irradiation at different light intensities in air were studied by electron analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle with water, differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical properties measurement. The results show that oxygen‐containing groups such as C?O, C—O and C(?O)O were introduced onto the molecular chain of HDPE following irradiation, and the rate and efficiency of HDPE functionalization increased with enhancement of irradiation intensity. After irradiation, the melting temperature, contact angle with water and notched impact strength of HDPE decreased, the degree of crystallinity increased, and their variation amplitude increased with irradiation intensity. Compared with HDPE, the yield strength of HDPE irradiated at lower light intensity (32 W m^?2 and 45 W m^?2) increases monotonically with irradiation time, and the yield strength of HDPE irradiated at higher light intensity (78 W m^?2) increases up to 48 h and then decreased with further increase in irradiation time. The irradiated HDPE behaved as a compatibilizer in HDPE/polycarbonate (PC) blends, and the interface bonding between HDPE and PC was ameliorated. After adding 20 wt% HDPE irradiated at 78 W m^?2 irradiation intensity for 24 h to HDPE/PC blends, the tensile yield strength and notched Izod impact strength of the blend were increased from 26.3 MPa and 51 J m^?1 to 30.2 MPa and 158 J m^?1, respectively. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

含辣椒碱的抗菌高吸水树脂的合成

以过硫酸铵、亚硫酸氢钠作引发剂，N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂，将木薯淀粉与丙烯酸、辣椒碱在水溶液中接枝共聚，合成了具有抗菌性的高吸水性树脂。考察了添加辣椒碱形式、反应温度、反应时间、丙烯酸中和度、引发剂和交联剂用量对产物吸水性能的影响，结果表明，添加辣椒碱提取母液，在70℃下反应2．5h，丙烯酸中和度85％，引发剂和交联剂用量分别为0．6％和0．04％时，合成的吸水树脂有较高的吸水倍率。     

30.4 nm光电成像系统分辨率的初步实验研究

本文基于微通道板MCP(Microchannel Plate)探测器件设计一套成像系统，用于对波长为30．4nm的极紫外EUV(Extreme Ultraviolet)光进行成像．结果获得了一宽度为3mm的狭缝的像，实验测得490μm的成像系统的空间分辨率，并分析了影响系统分辨率的各种因素及为提高系统分辨率所应采取的措施．     

由制碱废渣制脱硫吸收剂配比优选的研究

文章探讨了由制碱废渣和电石渣混合制取脱硫吸收剂 ,不同混合比例对吸收剂的比表面积、脱硫能力的影响 ,从而确定最佳配比方案     

可再生烟气脱硫吸收剂及工艺研究

开发了一种新型可再生烟气脱硫吸收剂、解吸助剂及工艺。合成的吸收剂LDS对烟气中的SOx 具有良好的吸收和解吸能力 ,烟气中SOx 含量在 10 0 0～ 5 0 0 0 0 μg L范围内 ,脱硫率均可达 95 %以上 ;解吸助剂LDS A能有效提高主吸收剂LDS的解吸能力 ,提高单位吸收剂的吸收效率。试验表明 :该工艺脱硫率高 ,烟气净化效果好 ,与传统的烟气脱硫工艺相比 ,SOx 可回收利用 ,不产生二次污染     

Pool boiling on a superhydrophilic surface

Titanium Dioxide, TiO₂, is a photocatalyst with a unique characteristic. A surface coated with TiO₂ exhibits an extremely high affinity for water when exposed to UV light and the contact angle decreases nearly to zero. Inversely, the contact angle increases when the surface is shielded from UV. This superhydrophilic nature gives a self-cleaning effect to the coated surface and has already been applied to some construction materials, car coatings and so on. We applied this property to the enhancement of boiling heat transfer. An experiment involving the pool boiling of pure water has been performed to make clear the effect of high wettability on heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer surface is a vertical copper cylinder of 17 mm in diameter and the measurement has been done at saturated temperature and in a steady state. Both TiO₂-coated and non-coated surfaces were used for comparison. In the case of the TiO₂-coated surface, it is exposed to UV light for a few hours before experiment and it is found that the maximum heat flux (CHF) is about two times larger than that of the uncoated surface. The temperature at minimum heat flux (MHF) for the superhydrophilic surface is higher by 100 K than that for the normal one. The superhydrophilic surface can be an ideal heat transfer surface. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纳米相电磁波吸收剂的研究现状与趋势

讨论了纳米相电磁波吸收剂的结构特点及吸波机理，评述了纳米相电磁波吸收剂的研究及发展情况，并指出了纳米相电磁波吸收剂的发展趋势。     

天然彩色棉产品抗紫外线处理的探讨

介绍了天然彩色棉的应用现状以及对其进行抗紫外线处理的现实意义，探讨了抗紫外线处理的方法和检测手段，并结合初步的实验提出在天然彩色棉产品上进行抗紫外线处理的可行性。     

超强吸水树脂的吸水性能研究

对自制的超强吸水树脂的吸收性能进行了研究，分别考察了吸水树脂的粒径，溶液的pH值，几种离子如Na^ ,K^ ,Ca^2 ,Mg^2 等的水溶液对吸水树脂吸收性能的影响。实验结果表明，在pH为6－8，树脂粒径为100mesh-120mesh时，树脂的吸水性能最好，各种离子对吸水树脂吸收性能的影响大小顺序为：Na^ ＜K^ ＜Mg^2 ＜Ca^2 。