孙子军事功利主义与西方功利主义之比较

孙子军事功利主义与西方功利主义有着本质的不同:前者属军事伦理范畴,后者属社会伦理范畴;前者为利益观,后者为幸福观;前者强调整体功利,后者强调个人功利。通过比较分析,笔者认为可以得到的启示是:科学的功利主义应是利益观与幸福观的有机统一,应是个体功利与整体功利的辨证统一,应是军事功利与社会功利的合理统一。     

解读男装

现代男装程式化的确立经历了一个漫长的过程:从17世纪的巴洛克时期开始男装三件套的基本模式已开始确立,到18世纪洛可可时期近代男装三件套的雏形基本形成。经历了整个19世纪,现代各种用途的男装样式都已基本确立。一战以后现代男装的TPO真正形成。回顾历史,我们不难发现,随着人们生活方式的改变,以资产阶级实业家为代表的男装的流行一直都是在程式化的模式指导下,依据实用性和功利性不断演化发展的。这种规律也成为现代男装与女装截然不同的流行特色。     

大学生功利性入党动机探析

当前大学生"入党热"中存在部分大学生入党动机功利化的问题,为有效解决这一问题,对大学生功利性入党动机的主要表现、危害、成因及纠正途径进行了探析。     

学生在物理实验中的功利心理

所叙述的功利并不是通常意义上的贬义的功利,提出功利的完整含义。在分析了初期功利心理对物理实验产生的一些消极影响之后,介绍了有针对性的消除这些不良影响的具体措施。同时让学生认识到功利主义的最高境界:要从追求个人的最大幸福转变为服务于整个社会。     

现代竞技体育面临的科技伦理困境

随着生产力的不断发展,人们生活越来越富裕,闲暇时间越来越多,精神的追求也越来越丰富,体育已成为人们特别是年轻人关注的热门话题。然而就在体育不断发展的过程中,我们面临着两个不容忽视的科技伦理困境一是随着竞技水平的不断提高,在各种利益的驱动下,体育竞争越来越激烈,运动员受伤甚至死亡的可能性越来越大,他们的健康权、生命权受到严重威胁;二是科技不断对体育进行渗透,运动员因素在比赛中的重要性下降,比赛在一定程度上出现了不公平甚至欺骗的倾向。     

Analysis of Indian urban policies to identify their potential of achieving inclusive urban growth

India’s approach to development has always been a combination of ‘pro-poor growth’ strategies. In spite of that, majority urban population has remained deprived from basic necessity of human life. In an effort to overhaul this stagnation, the country has consciously shifted its development ideology to inclusive growth in 11th Five-Year Plan 2007. Although the plan did not define inclusive growth, but initiates a debate on the significance of inclusive growth with earlier policy approaches. Initiating a policy argument, this paper records an overview of Indian policy approaches up to year 2014 and analyses its possibilities of achieving inclusive urban growth.     

The Statutory Homelessness System in England: A Fair and Effective Rights-Based Model?

The statutory homelessness system, first established by the Housing (Homeless Persons) Act 1977, is an important but frequently criticised element of the British welfare state. Drawing upon a survey of 2053 ‘statutorily homeless’ families in England, this paper applies a utility-maximising conceptual framework to demonstrate that (a) the statutory homelessness system is on the whole ‘fair’ with respect to the housing needs that it addresses, and (b) ‘effective’, in that it can bring about significant net gains in the welfare of those households its assists. These encouraging findings are relevant not only to current concerns about the future direction of homelessness policy in England, but also to policy debates in many countries across the developed world where there are calls to develop a ‘rights-based’ approach to addressing homelessness.     

罗尔斯对功利主义的批判及当代意义

在罗尔斯看来功利主义已经不能解决社会存在的诸多问题,并且存在许多不足,应该给予批判.这些他是通过他的作为公平的正义与功利主义的三个对照来进行的.虽然批判得不是特别彻底,但仍然对我国的改革有较大的启发意义.     

Thick as thieves: The effects of ethical orientation and psychological safety on unethical team behavior.

The purpose of this study was to uncover compositional and emergent influences on unethical behavior by teams. Results from 126 teams indicated that the presence of a formalistic orientation within the team was negatively related to collective unethical decisions. Conversely, the presence of a utilitarian orientation within the team was positively related to both unethical decisions and behaviors. Results also indicated that the relationship between utilitarianism and unethical outcomes was moderated by the level of psychological safety within the team, such that teams with high levels of safety were more likely to engage in unethical behaviors. Implications are discussed, as well as potential directions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

关于功利主义的几点思考

从功利主义及功利主义与市场经济、功利主义与集体主义的关系等方面阐述了当前中国社会的功利主义思潮,它的积极作用只是局部和暂时的,但其负面效应遍及社会生活的各个领域,把个人利益作为惟一的道德标准,势必走向极端化,导致精神沦丧。