Biotransformation of l‐menthol by twelve isolates of soil‐borne plant pathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani) and classification of fungi

The microbial transformation of l‐menthol ( 1 ) was investigated by using 12 isolates of soil‐borne plant pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani (AG‐1‐IA Rs24, Joichi‐2, RRG97‐1; AG‐1‐IB TR22, R147, 110.4; AG‐1‐IC F‐1, F‐4, P‐1; AG‐1‐ID RCP‐1, RCP‐3, and RCP‐7) as a biocatalyst. Rhizoctonia solani F‐1, F‐4 and P‐1 showed 89.7–99.9% yields of converted product from 1 , RCP‐1, RCP‐3, and RCP‐7 26.0–26.9% and the other isolates 0.1–12.0%. In the cases of F‐1, F‐4 and P‐1, substrate 1 was converted to (?)‐(1S,3R,4S,6S)‐6‐hydroxymenthol ( 2 ), (?)‐(1S,3R,4S)‐1‐hydroxymenthol ( 3 ) and (+)‐(1S,3R,4R,6S)‐6,8‐dihydroxymenthol ( 4 ), which was a new compound. Substrate 1 was converted to 2 and/or 3 by RRG97‐1, 110.4, RCP‐1, RCP‐3 and RCP‐7. The structures of the metabolic products were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data. In addition, metabolic pathways of the biotransformation of 1 by Rhizoctonia solani are discussed. Finally, from the main component analysis and the differences in the yields of converted product from 1 , the 12 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were divided into three groups based on an analysis of the metabolites. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bi_4Ge_3O_(12):TR(TR=Pr,Eu,Ce)晶体的吸收和发光光谱

测量了Bi_4Ge_3O_(12)(BGO):Pr、Eu和Ce的吸收、激发和发光光谱。掺杂BGO吸收和激发带相应于pr~(3+)、Eu~(3+)和Ce~(3+)离子特征跃迁。Xe灯中不同波长激发所得到掺杂BGO的发光光谱可通过Bi~(3+)心和掺杂材料之间能量传输过程加以解释。Bi~(3+)心400—600mm发射强度因受到Ce杂质影响变弱,这现象在高Ce浓度晶体里更为显著。     

IDMA下行链路的传输及简化接收方法

针对IDMA下行链路中用户端接收设备复杂度比较高的问题,提出了一种基于时分双工(TDD)模式和时间反转(TR)技术的IDMA下行传输及简化接收方法.该方法通过时分双工获得信道冲激响应,基站发射端利用信道冲激响应的时间反转预处理发射信号.在时间反转及多输入单输出(MISO)技术作用下,利用不同用户信道冲激响应之间的弱相关性以及时间反转处理的空间和时间压缩特性,削弱多用户干扰、共道干扰和符号间干扰.从而使用户接收端只需一个简单的单径接收机即可完成信号的检测,避免了复杂的码片级迭代多用户检测,同时将信道估计器也从用户端转移到基站端,进而使用户端接收设备复杂度大大简化.     

TR镦锻曲轴的生产

本文简述了TR镦锻装置及其工艺流程、设计程序。主要介绍了TR镦锻曲轴生产中所产生的问题、原因,以及解决办法,有助于我们全面了解TR曲轴生产情况。     

基于Android平台与SMS的智能家居能量管理系统

基于Android平台与SMS技术,设计并实现了智能家居能量管理系统设计方案。在文中描述了该系统的总体设计框图、终端软件设计、智能电表设计、智能插座设计。对该系统进行了验证,实验结果表明,该方案能够快捷地实现对家居设备等能量消耗单元的控制,成本很低,适合入门者使用。     

Quantifying requirements volatility effects

In an organization operating in the bancassurance sector we identified a low-risk IT subportfolio of 84 IT projects comprising together 16,500 function points, each project varying in size and duration, for which we were able to quantify its requirements volatility. This representative portfolio stems from a much larger portfolio of IT projects. We calculated the volatility from the function point countings that were available to us. These figures were aggregated into a requirements volatility benchmark. We found that maximum requirements volatility rates depend on size and duration, which refutes currently known industrial averages. For instance, a monthly growth rate of 5% is considered a critical failure factor, but in our low-risk portfolio we found more than 21% of successful projects with a volatility larger than 5%. We proposed a mathematical model taking size and duration into account that provides a maximum healthy volatility rate that is more in line with the reality of low-risk IT portfolios. Based on the model, we proposed a tolerance factor expressing the maximal volatility tolerance for a project or portfolio. For a low-risk portfolio its empirically found tolerance is apparently acceptable, and values exceeding this tolerance are used to trigger IT decision makers. We derived two volatility ratios from this model, the π-ratio and the ρ-ratio. These ratios express how close the volatility of a project has approached the danger zone when requirements volatility reaches a critical failure rate. The volatility data of a governmental IT portfolio were juxtaposed to our bancassurance benchmark, immediately exposing a problematic project, which was corroborated by its actual failure. When function points are less common, e.g. in the embedded industry, we used daily source code size measures and illustrated how to govern the volatility of a software product line of a hardware manufacturer. With the three real-world portfolios we illustrated that our results serve the purpose of an early warning system for projects that are bound to fail due to excessive volatility. Moreover, we developed essential requirements volatility metrics that belong on an IT governance dashboard and presented such a volatility dashboard.     

一种基于工作流图的时间资源分配策略

研究了工作流中时间分配问题。在具体活动基础上增加标记活动，以记录所在路由分支的资源使用情况； 将时间看作一种不可更新资源，并将时间资源分为私有资源、公有资源和双重资源三类； 提出了一种路由结构的时间资源分析方法和分配算法，根据不同路由分支的特点及初始分配资源在实际执行过程中的使用情况，通过裂变与聚合进行时间资源再分配，保证整个工作流的顺利完成。通过实例说明工作流图中时间资源分配过程。     

Influence of polyimide precursor synthesis route and ortho-position functional group on thermally rearranged (TR) polymer properties: Conversion and free volume

Thermal rearrangement of polyimides with ortho-position groups to polybenzoxazoles and related structures has been of recent interest for producing gas separation membranes. This study explores the influence of synthesis route and ortho-position functional group on the thermal rearrangement process and the fractional free volume of thermally rearranged (TR) polymers produced from polyimides derived from 3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diamino-biphenyl and 2,2′-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (HAB–6FDA). Acetate, propanoate, and pivalate ortho-position functional groups were considered. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study thermal rearrangement at temperatures between 350 and 450 °C, and evolved gases from TGA were analyzed via mass spectrometry to characterize the byproducts of thermal rearrangement and thermal degradation. CO₂ was the major byproduct of thermal rearrangement for all samples, and its evolution began well before the onset of thermal degradation. When non-hydroxyl ortho-position groups were present in the polymers, several byproducts other than CO₂ were also observed due to the loss of these ortho-position groups before thermal rearrangement. Free volume generally increased with increasing extent of thermal rearrangement, but precise values of free volume could not be accurately determined for polymers with propanoate and pivalate ortho-position functional groups due to uncertainties in the chemical structure of partially converted materials. For polymers with acetate and hydroxyl ortho-position groups, free volume could be determined within the uncertainty of density measurements. Thermal rearrangement behavior and free volume results for acetate containing polymers synthesized via different routes were very similar. Based on these results, the chemical structure of the ortho-position functional group has a larger impact on TR polymer properties than the polyimide precursor synthesis route.     

Transmutation-incineration potential of transuraniums discharged from PWR-UO2 spent fuel in modified PROMETHEUS fusion reactor

This study presents the potential of the burning and/or transmutation (B/T) of transuraniums (TRUs), discharged from the pressured water reactor PWR-UO₂ spent fuel, in the modified PROMETHEUS-H fusion reactor. Two different design shapes (Models A and B) were considered. The transmutation zone (TZ), which contains the mixture of TRU nuclides (10%), was located in the modified blankets. The volume fraction of Pu in the mixture is raised from 0 to 40% stepped by 10% to determine its effect on the B/T. The fuel spheres were cladded with SiC (5%) and cooled with high-pressured helium gas (85%) for nuclear heat transfer. The calculations were performed for an operation period (OP) of up to 10 years by 75% plant factor (η) under a neutron wall load (P) of 4.7 MW/m². The results bring out that: (1) the Model B transmutes the TRUs more rapidly than the Model A; (2) the effective half-lives decrease about 20 and 40% with the increase of Pu fraction in the cases of Models A and B, respectively; (3) the M values are quite high with respect to the M value of the original PROMETHEUS fusion reactor; (4) the blankets can produce substantial electricity in situ.     

改进的超宽带传输参考系统及其性能

提出了一种改进的传输参考(MTR)结构,该结构充分利用了超宽带(UWB)信道的准静态特点,在发射端一帧中只发射一个参考脉冲和多个数据脉冲,在接收端利用这一个参考脉冲来解调多个数据脉冲。在不考虑符号间干扰的单用户情况下,此种结构接收机的误码性能优于一般的传输参考(TR)系统,且其数据速率提高了近一倍。与差分传输参考(DTR)系统相比,两者误码性能基本一致,但这种收发方式因无需差分编码降低了系统的复杂度。最后使用Scholtz's单循环脉冲和IEEE802.15.3a中的信道模型进行了性能仿真。