Experience, Context, and the Visual Perception of Human Movement.

Why are human observers particularly sensitive to human movement? Seven experiments examined the roles of visual experience and motor processes in human movement perception by comparing visual sensitivities to point-light displays of familiar, unusual, and impossible gaits across gait-speed and identity discrimination tasks. In both tasks, visual sensitivity to physically possible gaits was superior to visual sensitivity to physically impossible gaits, supporting perception-action coupling theories of human movement perception. Visual experience influenced walker-identity perception but not gait-speed discrimination. Thus, both motor experience and visual experience define visual sensitivity to human movement. An ecological perspective can be used to define the conditions necessary for experience-dependent sensitivity to human movement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Generation of adaptive gait patterns for quadruped robot with CPG network including motor dynamic model

This paper describes the generation of adaptive gait patterns using new Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) including motor dynamic models for a quadruped robot under various environments. The CPGs act as the flexible oscillators of the joints and adjust joint angles to required values. The CPGs are interconnected with each other and sets of their coupling parameters are adjusted by a genetic algorithm so that the quadruped robot can realize stable and adequate gait patterns. Generation of gait patterns results in the formation of the CPG networks suitable for the formation of not only a straight walking pattern but also of rotating gait patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CPG networks are effective for the automatic adjustment of the adaptive gait patterns for the tested quadruped robot under various environments. Furthermore, the target tracking control based on image processing is achieved by combining the general gait patterns. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(1): 35–43, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20225     

基于特征融合的步态识别算法研究

根据人体步态变化特点,提出一种基于特征融合和神经网络的步态识别算法。首先采用时域差分法对运动人体轮廓进行分割,然后分别提取空间特征和频率特征,将两步态特征融合在一起,从而实现步态的分类和识别。在CASIA步态数据库上进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明,该方法不仅克服了单一特征提取方法存在的缺陷,同时提高了步态识别正确率。     

管道内壁四足爬壁机器人的运动学与步态规划

研究用于检测气体绝缘金属封闭开关（GIS）内部的负压吸附管道内壁四足爬壁机器人. 分别对机器人的腿部和机身进行运动学分析,采用改进的牛顿迭代法解决机身正运动学求解困难的问题. 对机器人沿管道轴向和圆周方向的爬壁运动进行步态规划,提出运动过程零冲击的轨迹规划方法. 使用Adams进行运动仿真,并在四足爬壁机器人样机上进行水平和垂直管道的全方位爬壁实验. 结果表明：机器人的运动轨迹与所规划的步态一致,运动过程中速度与加速度无突变,运动平稳,无明显冲击,运动学模型的正确性和所规划步态的合理性得到验证. 在GIS管道的实际检测应用中,实现机器人在不同工况下的平稳爬壁运动与检测.     

基于约束满足的多目标双足机器人动态步态参数优化*

目前的步态优化算法仅仅实现了对单一目标的优化,把双足机器人步态优化看做是多目标优化问题,构建了衡量稳定性、能量消耗、步行速度三个目标评价函数。考虑到直接对多个目标加权求和的方法不能很好地处理多目标问题,提出一种新的基于约束满足的多目标步态参数优化算法,其思想是把基于惩罚函数的SPEA2(strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm2 )应用到多目标双足机器人动态步态参数优化问题上,规划出了同时满足这三个目标的动态优化步态。通过仿真实验表明了算法的有效性。     

Online gait programming of humanoid walking via NMPC

In order to satisfy the requirement of realtime gait programming of humanoid walking with foot rotation,a kind of modified Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) scheme was proposed. Based on setting suitable kinetic and kinematic virtual constraints of Single Support Phase (SSP) and three subphases of Double Support Phase (DSP) ,complex realtime gait programming problem was simplified to four online NMPC dynamic optimization problems. A numerical approach was proposed to transform the dynamical optimization problem to the finite dimensional static optimization problem which can be solved by Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) . It can be concluded from simulation that using this method on BIP model can realize online gait programming of dynamic walking with foot rotation and the biped stability can be satisfied such that there is no sliding during walking.     

一种基于步幅长度及频域特征的步态识别方法

步态识别作为一种较新的生物认证技术有其独特优势,它旨在根据人行进过程中的行走步态模式来识别其身份.提出一种基于步幅长度及频域特征的步态识别方法:首先采用背景减除算法实现运动人体检测,并根据步幅长度变化特征进行周期分割.然后提取步幅长度极值结合关键帧的频幅均值构成五维特征向量,最后用标准模式分类器在中科院自动化所提供的CASIA步态数据库中进行实验,在降低了算法复杂度的同时,获得了令人鼓舞的实验结果.     

面向数字舞台表演的海龟机器人系统研制

针对所创作的机器人戏剧剧本,研制一套用于数字舞台表演的大型海龟机器人系统.该机器人由机械系统和控制系统组成,机械部分由4条3DOF模块化轻型腿、一套具有连续曲率的柔性脖子、龟壳开合装置和碳纤维框架组成,所有电机、电路板等机电部件安装于躯干中,通过同步带将电机的运动传递到外端,降低了悬臂部分的尺寸和质量,减轻了电机的负载.系统的控制部分由上位机及嵌入式控制器组成,分别提供顶层的人机交互和底层的关节实时控制功能.采用重心自调整的方法规划运动步态,确保多足运动的稳定性.经大量实验,研制、开发了样机,完成了机器人戏剧的公演,所研制的机器人可以完美地演绎戏剧角色,外形美观,惹人喜爱,表演效果极佳.     

四足宠物机器狗动态步行规划与仿真

以四足宠物机器狗爱赛比为研究对象,分析机器狗步行机构组成,建立关节结构模型,根据仿生学原理对四足机器狗的对角线一致的步态运动进行了分析与规划,利用Matlab对步态规划进行了仿真并采用关节控制器验证了对角线一致的步态运动分析与规划的正确性。步态规划为四足机器人实现高速行走提供了一种可行的方法。     

连续不规则台阶环境四足机器人步态规划与控制

为了实现四足机器人在无崎岖地形先验知识情况下的自主爬行,提出了一种四足机器人运动控制方法.该方法采用间歇爬行步态作为主步态,将爬行运动分解为若干任务分别进行控制:基于NESM(normalized energy stability margin)判据计算内外倾的稳定裕度并根据其比值进行质心位置调整;使用坐标映射的方式调整足端坐标进行地面坡度适应;通过调整各腿长度控制机器人的高度;利用姿态传感器信息进行姿态恢复.仿真和实验表明,机器人仅依赖内部传感器即实现了在崎岖地形稳定行走,验证了本文方法的有效性和可靠性.