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1.
Diffusers are widely-used to quickly dilute effluents in receiving water bodies. This study proposed a novel diffuser that pre-mixes effluent with ambient water before discharging and that uses the swirling jet to further enhance near-field dilution. The nozzle of the diffuser was examined in two ambient flow conditions: co-flow and counter-flow that are commonly-met in the environment such as oceans due to tidal effect. Physical experiments were first conducted in co-flow on its dilution performance and hydrodynamics, using heated water as the effluent. A 3-D CFD model was developed and calibrated the co-flow scenarios, and then used to investigate the diffuser in counter-flow. The results showed that the nozzle can effectively reduce the maximum temperature rise of the effluent by about 50 % before discharging. The swirling jet from the outlet has a larger shear area, half-width and entrainment rate, enabling the effluent to be rapidly diluted to a minimum of around 10 times at x/D = 6 in co-flow, whereas the dilution for conventional nozzles is about 1 because of the potential core. The flow amplification ratio (α) decreases gradually with increasing velocity ratio in co-flow but increases with increasing velocity ratio in counter-flow. The counter-flow reduces the water drawn into the device; however, the pre-dilution effect at the outlet remains stable. The near-field dilution in counter-flow was significantly enhanced than that in co-flow. Environmental regulations at outfalls and mixing zones can be more easily met using this novel diffuser. 相似文献
2.
以“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”为内核的新发展理念,是对马克思主义发展理念的继承和发扬,极具时代精神,富含问题意识,为高校思想政治教育发展、教育教学改革实践提供了强大的理论支撑。本文以“通信原理”为例,阐述了新发展理念在课程改革中的思路和方法,实现了思想政治教育与专业基础课程有机融合,为深化高校教学改革、创新人才培养模式提供了思路。 相似文献
3.
Ting Cui Ling Xu Feng Ding Ahmed Alsaedi Tasawar Hayat 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2020,34(11):1658-1676
Parameter estimation plays an important role in the field of system control. This article is concerned with the parameter estimation methods for multivariable systems in the state-space form. For the sake of solving the identification complexity caused by a large number of parameters in multivariable systems, we decompose the original multivariable system into some subsystems containing fewer parameters and study identification algorithms to estimate the parameters of each subsystem. By taking the maximum likelihood criterion function as the fitness function of the differential evolution algorithm, we present a maximum likelihood-based differential evolution (ML-DE) algorithm for parameter estimation. To improve the parameter estimation accuracy, we introduce the adaptive mutation factor and the adaptive crossover factor into the ML-DE algorithm and propose a maximum likelihood-based adaptive differential evolution algorithm. The simulation study indicates the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. 相似文献
4.
Xueye Chen Yue Tian 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2020,95(3):806-812
Since the beginning of the 21st Century, the development of microfluidic chip technology has been very rapid and has attracted the attention of more and more scholars. As an important part of the microfluidic chip, the performance of the micromixer is critical. The fractal structure in the microchannels helps to improve the mixing performance of the micromixer and improve the mixing efficiency of the micromixer. The research results of other scholars are of great significance to the research of the present paper, which mainly studies the effect of changing the baffle state on the mixing efficiency of the micromixer based on the Koch fractal principle. Through simulation analysis, it was found that the mixing efficiency of the baffles distributed on both sides of the microchannel was higher than the mixing efficiency of the baffles distributed on the microchannel side. When the distance between adjacent baffles was divided into 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 mm, simulated data suggested that the baffle distance of 0.15 mm was best. Increasing the number of baffles from six to eight groups increased the mixing path of the fluid in the microchannel and improved mixing efficiency. A comparison of mixing efficiencies of the 0°, 15° and 30° baffle angles revealed that very significant improvement in mixing efficiency was obtained at 30°. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
This article reviews the four innovation governance approaches (the precautionary principle, responsible innovation, permissionless innovation, and the innovation principle), including definitions, important attributes, and weaknesses found in each approach, and when utilizing an affinity diagram as a tool of analysis, identifies their distinctive characteristics and common relationships. A discussion section summarizes the paper’s findings and offers insights into where there is common relationships for further possible convergence between two innovation governance approaches – responsible innovation and permissionless innovation – that conceptually share substantially more in common than they contrast with each other. For addressing this challenge, the study recommends the following policy proposals: embrace artificial intelligence/machine learning/data analytics for risk management and regulatory adaptability; consider “soft law”as an option to public regulation; and substitute corporate citizenship for corporate social responsibility. 相似文献
6.
The main purpose of this paper is to survey some recent progresses on control theory for stochastic distributed parameter systems, i.e., systems governed by stochastic differential equations in infinite dimensions, typically by stochastic partial differential equations. We will explain the new phenomenon and difficulties in the study of controllability and optimal control problems for one dimensional stochastic parabolic equations and stochastic hyperbolic equations. In particular, we shall see that both the formulation of corresponding stochastic control problems and the tools to solve them may differ considerably from their deterministic/finite-dimensional counterparts. More importantly, one has to develop new tools, say, the stochastic transposition method introduced in our previous works, to solve some problems in this field. 相似文献
7.
AbstractModel order reduction is a common practice to reduce large order systems so that their simulation and control become easy. Nonlinearity aware trajectory piecewise linear is a variation of trajectory piecewise linearization technique of order reduction that is used to reduce nonlinear systems. With this scheme, the reduced approximation of the system is generated by weighted sum of the linearized and reduced sub-models obtained at certain linearization points on the system trajectory. This scheme uses dynamically inspired weight assignment that makes the approximation nonlinearity aware. Just as weight assignment, the process of linearization points selection is also important for generating faithful approximations. This article uses a global maximum error controller based linearization points selection scheme according to which a state is chosen as a linearization point if the error between a current reduced model and the full order nonlinear system reaches a maximum value. A combination that not only selects linearization points based on an error controller but also assigns dynamic inspired weights is shown in this article. The proposed scheme generates approximations with higher accuracies. This is demonstrated by applying the proposed method to some benchmark nonlinear circuits including RC ladder network and inverter chain circuit and comparing the results with the conventional schemes. 相似文献
8.
For rechargeable wireless sensor networks, limited energy storage capacity, dynamic energy supply, low and dynamic duty cycles cause that it is unpractical to maintain a fixed routing path for packets delivery permanently from a source to destination in a distributed scenario. Therefore, before data delivery, a sensor has to update its waking schedule continuously and share them to its neighbors, which lead to high energy expenditure for reestablishing path links frequently and low efficiency of energy utilization for collecting packets. In this work, we propose the maximum data generation rate routing protocol based on data flow controlling technology. For a sensor, it does not share its waking schedule to its neighbors and cache any waking schedules of other sensors. Hence, the energy consumption for time synchronization, location information and waking schedule shared will be reduced significantly. The saving energy can be used for improving data collection rate. Simulation shows our scheme is efficient to improve packets generation rate in rechargeable wireless sensor networks. 相似文献
9.
Amer Ibrahim Al-Omari Ibrahim M. Almanjahie Amal S. Hassan Heba F. Nagy 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2020,64(2):835-857
In reliability analysis, the stress-strength model is often used to describe the life of
a component which has a random strength (X) and is subjected to a random stress (Y). In this
paper, we considered the problem of estimating the reliability R=P [Y<X] when the
distributions of both stress and strength are independent and follow exponentiated Pareto
distribution. The maximum likelihood estimator of the stress strength reliability is calculated
under simple random sample, ranked set sampling and median ranked set sampling methods.
Four different reliability estimators under median ranked set sampling are derived. Two
estimators are obtained when both strength and stress have an odd or an even set size. The
two other estimators are obtained when the strength has an odd size and the stress has an
even set size and vice versa. The performances of the suggested estimators are compared
with their competitors under simple random sample via a simulation study. The simulation
study revealed that the stress strength reliability estimates based on ranked set sampling and
median ranked set sampling are more efficient than their competitors via simple random
sample. In general, the stress strength reliability estimates based on median ranked set
sampling are smaller than the corresponding estimates under ranked set sampling and simple
random sample methods. 相似文献
10.
This article presents a new approach for solving the Optimal Control Problem (OCP) of linear time-delay systems with a quadratic cost functional. The proposed method can also be used for designing optimal control time-delay systems with disturbance. In this study, the Variational Iteration Method (VIM) is employed to convert the original Time-Delay Optimal Control Problem (TDOCP) into a sequence of nonhomogeneous linear two-point boundary value problems (TPBVPs). The optimal control law obtained consists of an accurate linear feedback term and a nonlinear compensation term which is the limit of an adjoint vector sequence. The feedback term is determined by solving Riccati matrix differential equation. By using the finite-step iteration of a nonlinear compensation sequence, we can obtain a suboptimal control law. Finally, Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique. 相似文献