The role of microbial electrogenesis in regulating methane and nitrous oxide emissions from constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell

This study assesses a sustainable solution to greenhouse gases (GHGs) mitigation using constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFC). Roots of wetland plant Acorus Calamus L. are placed in biological anode to better enable anode microorganisms to obtain rhizosphere secretion for power improvement. Three selected cathode materials have a large difference in GHG emissions, and among them, carbon fiber felt (CFF) shows the lowest emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, which are 0.77 ± 0.04 mg/(m²·h) and 130.78 ± 13.08 μg/(m²·h), respectively. The CFF CW-MFC achieves the maximum power density of 2.99 W/m³. As the influent pH value is adjusted from acidic to alkaline, the GHGs emissions are reduced. The addition of Ni inhibits GHGs emission but decreases the electricity, the power density is reduced to 1.09 W/m³, and the methane and nitrous oxide emission fluxes decline to 0.20 ± 0.04 mg/(m²·h) and 15.49 ± 1.86 μg/(m²·h), respectively. Low C/N ratio reduces methane emission, while high C/N ratio effectively inhibits nitrous oxide emission. At the influent pH 8 and C/N = 5:1, the methane emission flux is approximately 10.60 ± 0.27 mg/(m²·h), and the nitrous oxide emission flux is only 10.90 ± 1.10 μg/(m²·h). Based on the above experimental results by controlling variable factors, it is proposed that CW-MFC offers an environment-friendly solution to regulate GHG emissions.     

不同含量低污染水对人工湿地中细菌的影响研究

探究水平流人工湿地(HFCW)系统处理低污染水过程中,相同COD/ρ(TN)下不同碳氮含量对细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,进水为较高碳氮含量的HFCW(HF1)和进水为较低碳氮含量的HFCW(HF2)对COD和TN的去除效率具有一定的差异,HF1和HF2对COD的去除效率分别为48.26%和28.89%,对TN的去除率分别为79.06%和81.87%。HF1中细菌的丰富度和多样性均高于HF2,HF1中富集的优势细菌为Chloroflexaceae、Comamonadaceae和Rhodocyclaceae,均具有异养反硝化功能,HF2中富集的优势细菌为Xanthomonadaceae和Rhodocyclaceae,其中Xanthomonadaceae具有自养反硝化功能。COD、NH4^+-N和NO3^--N对HF1中细菌群落的影响大于对HF2中细菌群落的影响,HF1中COD对细菌群落的影响大于NH4^+-N和NO3^--N。     

人工湿地-微生物电解池耦合系统的脱氮特性

实验构建了人工湿地-微生物电解池耦合系统（CW-MEC），并考察了CW-MEC在阴极有无曝气及不同水力停留时间（HRT）的条件下对生活污水的处理效果。实验结果显示，降低HRT会让CW-MEC阴极、阳极的COD去除率由91.11%±7.76%、86.58%±9.54%降低为77.81%±14.84%、81.44%±11.11%，氨氮去除率由58.54%±5.80%、58.22%±5.03%降低为48.04%±12.94%、48.27%±13.40%；阴极增加曝气会让CW-MEC阴极、阳极的COD去除率分别提高到89.51%±3.92%、82.40%±1.63%，阴极氨氮去除率提高到71.51%±16.44%，而阳极氨氮去除率不受影响；增加阴极曝气条件后，系统阴、阳极开始有硝酸盐氮积累，而CW-MEC阴极的硝酸盐氮含量明显低于对照组（CW-MFC）；通过电化学性能分析，相对于CW-MFC系统，CW-MEC具有更低的内阻；通过微生物多样性分析，CW-MEC系统具有更丰富的微生物多样性。     

基于一、二维耦合模型的某湿地公园水网规划与水力优化应用

湿地水网规划和设计需要考虑防洪排涝、生物栖息地构建及水资源调度等多个因素的协调,单一维度的数值模型难以解决河网、湖区及工程调度等多种模拟对象的尺度协调问题。针对某感潮河网区域生态湿地公园的规划设计,利用MIKE Flood软件,构建一、二维耦合水动力模型,就河网规模、堰顶高程控制、生物栖息地构建等目标开展计算分析,通过方案比选确定相关工程规模,并通过区域微地形调整对鱼类和禽类栖息地水动力条件进行优化,使其满足生境构建要求。该结果不仅为相关设计单位提供了工作思路,所采用的建模方法和参数选取也可为类似项目参考。     

人工湿地对印染达标尾水中低浓度锑的再削减

本研究通过水培实验和等温吸附实验分别考察了7种湿地植物和7种湿地填料对于印染达标尾水中低浓度锑及典型污染物的削减效果。通过动态实验考察不同湿地系统对各污染物的削减效果。结果表明,滴水观音和香蒲可作为印染达标尾水生态净化的优先考虑植物;无烟煤与沸石以质量比2∶1混合的填料在组合填料中具有较好的吸附效果;种植滴水观音的表面流湿地和种植香蒲的水平潜流湿地的组合湿地系统对印染达标尾水中低浓度锑具有较好的再削减能力。     

寒区滨河湿地生态系统碳通量特征及影响因素

湿地碳循环在全球气候变化中起着重要作用,而湿地碳通量特征及其影响因素研究是湿地碳循环研究重点关注的问题之一。基于金河湾湿地涡度相关观测系统的实测试验数据,系统分析了寒区滨河湿地生态系统净碳交换日际和季节两种尺度的动态变化机制,总结了碳源、碳汇变化规律,并探讨了气象要素对净碳交换量和湿地总生态系统生产力的影响。结果表明,金河湾湿地生态系统净碳交换在日尺度上呈"U"型分布,午时左右达到最高值;季节尺度上,自9月中旬至次年4月初表现为碳源,其余时间表现为碳汇,持续时间约5个月,总固碳量约631.62g/m2;相较于其他湿地生态系统,寒区湿地由于气温低、湿度大,净碳交换量和总生态系统生产力相对较小。     

矿山酸性废水治理的研究综述

矿山废水成分复杂,危害性大,其中以酸性废水的污染最为严重.本文总结了国内外治理酸性废水的方法与研究现状,详细介绍了中和法、人工湿地和微生物法的治理方法.     

HYDRAULICS, WATER QUALITY AND VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUNDWATER-FED OPEN DITCHES

A novel peatland management strategy to utilise the high nutrient-retention potential of degenerated peatlands has been implemented in Northern Germany. The effect of raised water levels and extensive land-use management on hydraulic properties, water quality and vegetation characteristics of heavily vegetated and groundwater-fed open ditches, was investigated at the River Elder Valley - a nationally important wetland case study. A better understanding of the effect of vegetation on the temporal flow patterns and the hydraulic retention times is of high scientific interest, especially for improving nutrient standards in lowland rivers. Within-ditch vegetation and other hydraulic obstructions, including accumulated silt and organic debris, increase the hydraulic retention time and lead to an improvement of the water quality along the open ditch. Lower parts of the open ditches were flooded by the River Elder, due to the absence of a mowing scheme during late summer     

堵塞对复合垂直流湿地水力特征的影响

复合垂直流人工湿地系统(IVCW)堵塞后其水力特征会发生变化，通过示踪剂对小试和中试系统堵塞前后的水力特征进行了研究。结果表明，堵塞后IVCW出水流量减小，小试系统实际停留时间由堵塞前21．3h延长至32．5h，中试系统实际停留时间从19.4h延长至26．8h。IVCW堵塞后容易造成下行池表面积水，既恶化了卫生条件又降低了系统的处理能力。     

模拟钢渣垂直潜流人工湿地的除磷性能分析

为确定钢渣作为垂直潜流人工湿地基质的可行性,开展了静态吸附和钢渣人工湿地去除生活污水中磷的试验研究。结果表明钢渣对污水中磷的吸附平衡时间较长,吸附速率较快;当温度降低时,钢渣的磷吸附容量对吸附平衡浓度的依赖性也随之降低,最大理论吸附量减少了81.79%,而其吸附强度却有所增加;当处理生活污水时,在0.5 m3/(m2.d)的负荷下对TP的平均去除率达91.90%,吸附方式包括物理吸附和化学吸附;磷的最大解吸量占最大吸附量的0.75%,因而在人工湿地的应用中应注意磷解吸形成的二次污染。