AMPY-1用于镍电解阳极液净化除铜的研究

以实验室自制的二元胺类化合物AMPY-1为萃取剂,研究了水相pH、氯离子浓度、硫酸根离子浓度对铜镍金属离子分配比的影响,测定了单一金属溶液的铜镍分离系数,模拟了镍电解液的除铜效果。结果表明,增加水相pH和氯离子浓度有利于铜离子的萃取,而增加水相硫酸根离子浓度则不利于铜离子的萃取;在pH 4、相比O/A为1∶1、(25!1)℃萃取10min,氯化铜与氯化镍、氯化铜与硫酸镍的铜镍分离系数分别为2 027和716;针对氯盐体系和氯盐—硫酸盐混合体系模拟镍电解液,在相比O/A=1∶1、(25!1)℃下萃取10min,其除铜后液含铜分别为1.1 mg/L和1.8 mg/L;按相比O/A=1∶5、(25!1)℃经3级半逆流萃取后,由氯盐体系和氯盐—硫酸盐混合体系得到的负载有机相,其铜镍质量比分别为156和45,均满足镍电解液深度净化除铜的要求。     

Deep Purification of Zinc Ammoniacal Leaching Solution by Cementation with Zinc Dust

Deep purification of zinc ammoniacal leaching solution by cementation using zinc dust was studied.The effects of relative amount of metallic impurities,dosage of zinc dust,purification time,temperature,pH value and total ammonia concentration in the solution on the purification of the solution were investigated.The results indicate that total ammonia concentration in the solution had no effect on the purification,but relative amount of metallic impurities,dosage of zinc dust,purification time,temperature and pH value of the solution were the main factors influencing the purification.Keeping appropriate molar ratio of copper to cadmium or nickel to cadmium was beneficial to the cementation of cadmium.Nevertheless,the presence of cobalt went against the cementation of cadmium and cobalt.All metallic impurities could be decreased to acceptable levels under the optimized conditions of 2 g/L of zinc dust dosage,1 h of purification time,35℃,pH value 9.03 of zinc ammoniacal leaching solution.The deeply purified zinc ammoniacal solution obtained by one-stage purification meets the requirements of zinc electrowinning.     

燃料电池用复合质子交换膜的研究进展

针对全氟磺酸质子交换膜成本过高的问题,主要通过制备低成本、高性能的无氟质子交换膜来解决;针对质子交换膜在温度高于100℃时,其质子电导率急剧下降的问题,主要通过制备聚合物/无机颗粒复合质子交换膜来解决.本文对聚合物/无机颗粒复合质子交换膜的国内外研究现状进行了综述,重点介绍了无氟聚合物/无机颗粒复合质子交换膜的制备方法及其性能特点,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望.     

甲基苯乙基二氯硅烷和甲基环己基二氯硅烷的合成

利用改进了的铂催化剂的硅氢化反应,合成了符合反马氏规则加成的甲基苯乙基二氯硅烷和甲基环己基二氯硅烷。使用紫外灯照射和提高反应温度等手段使甲基环己基二氯硅烷的反应时间大大缩短。两者的产率分别达87%和91%。用IR谱等方法分析了该催化剂可能为含有醛、醚的P_t(Ⅱ)络合物。     

机械活化黄铁矿的热分解动力学

用Friedman法研究了未活化黄铁矿和机械活化不同时间的黄铁矿 (机械活化 2 0min和 40min的黄铁矿分别记为黄铁矿 1和黄铁矿 2 )在升温速率分别为 2 .5 ,5 ,7.5和 15K/min下的热分解动力学。结果表明 ,未活化黄铁矿及机械活化黄铁矿 1和黄铁矿 2的表观活化能 (E)、反应级数 (n)和指前因子 (A)分别为 :2 6 8.6 12kJ/mol,0 .42 ,1.0 94× 10 15min-1;2 43.72 5kJ/mol,0 .6 2 ,2 .0 0 8× 10 13 min -1和 177.2 88kJ/mol,0 .6 5 ,5 .92 4× 10 15min-1。对黄铁矿的X射线衍射谱进行线形分析 ,求取机械活化黄铁矿 1和黄铁矿 2的晶格畸变率 (ε)和晶块尺寸(D)。发现黄铁矿的热分解活化能降低与活化后黄铁矿的晶格畸变率增大及晶块尺寸降低有关     

Effects of Polymeric Flocculants on Settlement of Bayer Red Mud Generated from Chinese Diaspore Bauxite

A systematic investigation on the interaction between Bayer red mud particles generated from Chinese diaspore bauxite and commercial sodium polyacrylate (SPA) or polyacrylamide (PAM) was performed by red mud settling tests, conductivity-pH titration and Ubbelodhe viscosimetric measurement. The results indicate that the treatment with red mud by SPA gives a lower red mud settling rate and lower supematant turbidity than the treatment with red mud by PAM. There is an optimum polymer dosage of 300 g/t (based on the weight of dry red mud) when red mud slurry is treated by SPA or PAM, so "bridging" adsorption is one of the main interactions between red mud and SPA or PAM. With the increase of NaOH concentration, the hydrolysis degree of PAM dissolved in NaOH solution increases and its molecular weight almost does not change, but the settling rote of red mud treated by it drops rapidly. The settling rate of red mud treated by PAM dissolved in 10 g/L NaOH solution is 0.61 m/h while by PAM dissolved in distilled water it is 1.31 m/h, because the adsorption ability of the hydrolyzed PAM onto red mud surface declines primarily due to the formation of-CONH2～-COO-～－CONH2 intramolecular hydrogen bond.     

用双重孔模型计算甲醇合成催化剂的效率因子

选取ＣＯ、ＣＯ２在铜基甲醇合成催化剂上的平行反应为研究对象,以ＣＯ和ＣＯ２为关键组分,用修正的双重孔模型求取有效扩散系数,进而由Ｋｊａｅｒ近似解法求得ＣＯ、ＣＯ２的效率因子,分析了孔结构参数对效率因子的影响,得出了最适宜比表面范围。用工业实际生产条件验证双重孔模型是否适用于计算多组分反应体系的内扩散效率因子,结果表明：双重孔模型能够应用于多组分气－固催化复合反应体系。     

碱法造纸黑液制备钻井泥浆降滤失剂

以碱法造纸黑液为主要原料 ,经过一步合成工艺制备钻井泥浆降滤失剂。最佳的合成条件为m(浓缩黑液 ) m(甲醇 ) m(苯酚 ) m(Na2 SO3) =1 0 0 1 5 5 4 ,反应时间为 3～ 3 5h,温度为 95～ 1 0 0℃。在产品中加入适量的六次甲基四胺可以起到固化剂的作用。     

焦炭粉冷固成型用粘结剂——改性水玻璃的研制

探讨了聚丙烯酰胺 ,葡萄糖 ,高岭土 ,Al Cl3,腐植酸钠 ,水溶性苯酚 -甲醛树脂和自制的水溶性树脂 A(简称为树脂 A)等对水玻璃改性的影响。结果表明 ,树脂 A使焦炭粉冷固成型的球团的生球和干球强度明显提高 ,并确定了其较佳配方 :水与水玻璃的质量比为 4∶ 6,其总用量为 16% (占干焦炭粉的质量分数 ) ;树脂 A用量为0 .2 4% (占干焦炭粉的质量分数 )。在此较佳条件下 ,所制球团的生球和干球强度 ,与用未改性水玻璃 (其中水与水玻璃的质量比为 3∶ 7) ,其总用量为 16% (占干焦炭粉的质量分数 ) )所制球团的生球和干球强度 ,几乎相等 ,但前者球团的耐水性以及耐热性有明显提高。     

氨水-碳酸铵浸出汤丹氧化铜尾矿研究

以云南汤丹高碱性、低品位氧化铜浸出尾矿为研究对象,采用NH3.H2O-（NH4）2CO3体系添加氧化剂浸出,详细考察了浸出时间、反应温度、液固比、总氨浓度及c（NH4＋）/c（NH3）、氧化剂用量、氧化剂添加顺序、氧化时间等因素对铜浸出率的影响,得到了该尾矿的最佳浸出条件。结果表明,液固比10∶1,浸出温度40℃,加入0.25 mL/g H2O2,反应2 h;然后添加NH3.H2O及（NH4）2CO3,铵离子浓度3.2 mol/L,氨水浓度0.8 mol/L,继续反应4 h,尾矿中铜的浸出率达到了72.3