A patent quality analysis for innovative technology and product development

Enterprises evaluate intellectual property rights and the quality of patent documents in order to develop innovative products and discover state-of-the-art technology trends. The product technologies covered by patent claims are protected by law, and the quality of the patent insures against infringement by competitors while increasing the worth of the invention. Thus, patent quality analysis provides a means by which companies determine whether or not to customize and manufacture innovative products. Since patents provide significant financial protection for businesses, the number of patents filed is increasing at a fast pace. Companies which cannot process patent information or fail to protect their innovations by filing patents lose market competitiveness. Current patent research is needed to estimate the quality of patent documents. The purpose of this research is to improve the analysis and ranking of patent quality. The first step of the proposed methodology is to collect technology specific patents and to extract relevant patent quality performance indicators. The second step is to identify the key impact factors using principal component analysis. These factors are then used as the input parameters for a back-propagation neural network model. Patent transactions help judge patent quality and patents which are licensed or sold with intellectual property usage rights are considered high quality patents. This research collected 283 patents sold or licensed from the news of patent transactions and 116 patents which were unsold but belong to the technology specific domains of interest. After training the patent quality model, 36 historical patents are used to verify the performance of the trained model. The match between the analytical results and the actual trading status reached an 85% level of accuracy. Thus, the proposed patent quality methodology evaluates the quality of patents automatically and effectively as a preliminary screening solution. The approach saves domain experts valuable time targeting high value patents for R&D commercialization and mass customization of products.     

基于BDI的多Agent交互

给出一个以Ａｇｅｎｔ交互为基本出发点的ＢＤＩ描述语言ＭＡＬ,对ＭＡＬ反映的ＢＤＩ概念,ＢＤＩ间的关系以及多Ａｇｅｎｔ群体的社会承诺和联合意图进行了解释,说明了ＢＤＩ在多Ａｇｎｅｔ交互过程中的起的作用,与Ｃｏｈｅｎ和Ｌｅｖｅｓｑｕｅ,Ｒａｏ和Ｇｅｏｒｇｅｆｆ以及ｈａｄｄａｄｉ等人的工作相比,ＭＡＬ同时Ａｇｅｎｔ个体和多Ａｇｅｎｔ群体的ＢＤＩ描述,克服了对ＢＤＩ概念的反直观解释,给出了符合哲学含义的关     

Fuzzy motion control of an auto-warehousing crane system

Fuzzy motion control of an auto-warehousing crane system is presented in this paper. Using the concept of linguistic variable, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) can convert the knowledge and experience of an expert into an automatic control strategy. The designed FLC with a rule base and three sets of parameters is used to control the crane system in x, y, and z directions. The unloaded weight and the fully loaded weight of the crane system in discussion are 1.35×10⁴ kg and 1.5×10⁴ kg, respectively. For various loading conditions and varying distances, the FLC still controls the crane system very well with positioning accuracy less than 2×10 ^-3 m for all directions. The distance-speed reference curve for control of the crane system is designed to meet the engineering specifications of motion such as acceleration, deceleration, maximum speed, and creep speed in each direction, and is generated automatically according to varying distance. The method for designing the distance-speed reference curve can make the crane move at relatively high speed to approach the target position. Simulations of the motion control in the three directions are demonstrated     

Adaptive control of a class of nonlinear systems with a first-orderparameterized Sugeno fuzzy approximator

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy control scheme for tracking a class of continuous-time plants is presented. A parameterized Sugeno fuzzy approximator is used to adaptively compensate for the plant nonlinearities. All parameters in the fuzzy approximator are tuned using a Lyapunov-based design. In the fuzzy approximator, first-order Sugeno consequents are used in the IF-THEN rules of the fuzzy system, which has a better approximation capability than those using constant consequents. Global boundedness of the adaptive system is established. Finally, a simulation is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller     

Extracellular Calcium Ion Concentration Regulates Chondrocyte Elastic Modulus and Adhesion Behavior

Extracellular calcium ion concentration levels increase in human osteoarthritic (OA) joints and contribute to OA pathogenesis. Given the fact that OA is a mechanical problem, the effect of the extracellular calcium level ([Ca²⁺]) on the mechanical behavior of primary human OA chondrocytes remains to be elucidated. Here, we measured the elastic modulus and cell–ECM adhesion forces of human primary chondrocytes with atomic force microscopy (AFM) at different extracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca²⁺]) levels. With the [Ca²⁺] level increasing from the normal baseline level, the elastic modulus of chondrocytes showed a trend of an increase and a subsequent decrease at the level of [Ca²⁺], reaching 2.75 mM. The maximum increment of the elastic modulus of chondrocytes is a 37% increase at the peak point. The maximum unbinding force of cell-ECM adhesion increased by up to 72% at the peak point relative to the baseline level. qPCR and immunofluorescence also indicated that dose-dependent changes in the expression of myosin and integrin β1 due to the elevated [Ca²⁺] may be responsible for the variations in cell stiffness and cell-ECM adhesion. Scratch assay showed that the chondrocyte migration ability was modulated by cell stiffness and cell-ECM adhesion: as chondrocyte’s elastic modulus and cell-ECM adhesion force increased, the migration speed of chondrocytes decreased. Taken together, our results showed that [Ca²⁺] could regulate chondrocytes stiffness and cell-ECM adhesion, and consequently, influence cell migration, which is critical in cartilage repair.     

Adaptive Pseudo Inverse Control for a Class of Nonlinear Asymmetric and Saturated Nonlinear Hysteretic Systems

This paper aims at eliminating the asymmetric and saturated hysteresis nonlinearities by designing hysteresis pseudo inverse compensator and robust adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) scheme. The “pseudo inverse” means that an on-line calculation mechanism of approximate control signal is developed by applying a searching method to the designed temporary control signal where the true control signal is included. The main contributions are summarized as: 1) to our best knowledge, it is the first time to compensate the asymmetric and saturated hysteresis by using hysteresis pseudo inverse compensator because the construction of the true saturated-type hysteresis inverse model is very difficult; 2) by designing the saturated-type hysteresis pseudo inverse compensator, the construction of true explicit hysteresis inverse and the identifications of its corresponding unknown parameters are not required when dealing with the saturated-type hysteresis; 3) by combining DSC technique with the tracking error transformed function, the “explosion of complexity” problem in backstepping method is overcome and the prespecified tracking performance is achieved. Analysis of stability and experimental results on the hardware-in-loop platform illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive pseudo inverse control scheme.      

A 5.6 GHz Low Power Balanced VCO in 0.18 $mu$m CMOS

A 5.6 GHz balanced voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed and implemented in a 0.18 mum CMOS 1P6M process. It consists of two single-ended complementary Colpitts LC-tank VCOs coupled by two pairs of varactors. At the supply voltage of 1.2 V, the output phase noise of the VCO is -119.13 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency from the carrier frequency of 5.6 GHz, and the figure of merit is -190.29 dBc/Hz. Total VCO core power consumption is 2.4 mW. Tuning range is about 600 MHz, from 5.36 to 5.96 GHz, while the control voltage was tuned from 0 to 1.2 V.     

Online Robot Reference Trajectory Adaptation for Haptic Identification of Unknown Force Field

International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - In this paper, a novel online reference trajectory adaptation algorithm is developed, which aims to balance the interactive force and the...     

发动机主轴轴承的设计

发动机主轴轴承常常在高速条件和高温环境下工作。若轴承中的摩擦热及高温环境传入轴承的热量不能有效地散发,则轴承会因元件的热变形导致转动不灵活、或因为高温导致润滑油变质使滚道及滚动体表面损伤而失效。因此,制造轴承的材料必须具有一定的耐热性能,轴承的结构也必须具有良好的润滑性、安全性和可靠性,以保证轴承能够正常发挥性能。