Recent progress of green sorbents-based technologies for low concentration CO2 capture

The increased concentration of CO₂ due to continuous breathing and no discharge of human beings in the manned closed space, like spacecraft and submarines, can be a threat to health and safety. Effective removal of low concentration CO₂ from the manned closed space is essential to meet the requirements of long-term space or deep-sea exploration, which is an international frontier and trend. Ionic liquids (ILs), as a widespread and green solvent, already showed its excellent performance on CO₂ capture and absorption, indicating its potential application in low concentration CO₂ capture. In this review, we first summarized the current methods and strategies for direct capture from low concentration CO₂ in both the atmosphere and manned closed spaces. Then, the multi-scale simulation methods of CO₂ capture by ionic liquids are described in detail, including screening ionic liquids by COSMO-RS methods, capture mechanism by density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation, and absorption process by computational fluid dynamics simulation. Lastly, some typical IL-based green technologies for low concentration CO₂ capture, such as functionalized ILs, co-solvent systems with ILs, and supported materials based on ILs, are introduced, and analyzed the subtle possibility in manned closed spaces. Finally, we look forward to the technology and development of low concentration CO₂ capture, which can meet the needs of human survival in closed space and proposed that supported materials with ionic liquids have great advantages and infinite possibilities in the vital area.     

Effect of CuSO4 on the Hydromechanical Behavior of Compacted Tailings

Laboratory tests, including compressibility, permeability, and microstructure tests, were conducted on tailings samples using custom-designed test apparatus to investigate the effect of metal contamination (Cu²⁺) on the hydromechanical behavior of compacted tailings. Infiltrating samples with various dry densities with distilled water or CuSO₄ solution at various concentrations showed that the void ratio of compacted tailings decreased with increased dry density. An increase in the metal contaminant concentrations from 0 to 0.1 mol/L increased the compression coefficient of the tailings from 0.14 to 0.84 MPa^?1 under a vertical load of 0.01 to 2.0 MPa, while the yield stress of the tailings decreased from 204.3 to 98.7 kPa, respectively. The linear relationship between permeability coefficient (k) and void ratio (e) is described by k?=???6.48?+?17.17e. Microstructure test results showed that the diffusion double layer thinned, and the surface potential decreased, indicating that the contaminant of Cu²⁺ enhanced the compressibility and permeability of the tailings. The microstructure test results also showed that the amount of fine-grained soil in the copper tailings was significantly less after the hydromechanical test. Therefore, the permeability and compressibility of copper tailings increased. The experimental results are in good agreement with the estimated results.

     

重轨矫直速度对矫后残余应力的影响分析

针对矫直速度对重轨矫后残余应力的影响进行研究,利用Pro/E建立60kg·m-1重轨九辊水平矫直模型,采用ANSYS Workbench对重轨矫直过程进行有限元数值模拟,通过现场矫直规程对采用现场矫直速度以及假定矫直速度得到的重轨矫后残余应力进行分析比较,得出了在其余条件不变的情况下重轨的矫直速度在1.4~1.6m·s-1的范围内其轨底矫后纵向残余拉应力小于250MPa,且残余应力分布合理,满足矫直要求,相比于现场采用的1.2m·s-1的矫直速度其生产效率最大能够提高16.7%~33.3%。     

Visual Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate by Taylor Rising: A Simple Point-of-Care Testing Method Based on Rolling Circle Amplification

Rapid and sensitive point-of-care testing (POCT) is an extremely critical mission in practical applications, especially for rigorous military medicine, home health care, and in the third world. Here, we report a visual POCT method for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection based on Taylor rising in the corner of quadratic geometries between two rod surfaces. We discuss the principle of Taylor rising, demonstrating that it is significantly influenced by contact angle, surface tension, and density of the sample, which are controlled by ATP-dependent rolling circle amplification (RCA). In the presence of ATP, RCA reaction effectively suppresses Taylor-rising behavior, due to the increased contact angle, density, and decreased surface tension. Without addition of ATP, untriggered RCA reaction is favorable for Taylor rising, resulting in a significant height. With this proposed method, visual sensitive detection of ATP without the aid of other instruments is realized with only a 5 μL droplet, which has good selectivity and a low detection limit (17 nM). Importantly, this visual method provides a promising POCT tool for user-friendly molecular diagnostics.     

内插法在相关干涉仪测向体制中的应用

测向误差的减小一直以来都是无线电测向精度提高的一个难点,对于不同的测向体制所采用的减小测向误差的方法都不尽相同。本文主要介绍的是相关干涉仪测向体制的基本原理以及通过内插法的应用来减小测向误差的方法。     

铜基化合物的可见光催化研究进展

与传统贵金属光催化剂相比，铜基光催化剂具有价格低廉、绿色环保、反应条件温和、光催化活性可调节等优势，受到合成化学家们广泛关注。本文简述了铜基催化剂的光催化历史，回顾了近五年来铜基化合物在可见光催化领域的研究成果与进展，总结了铜基催化剂的独立光催化机理与协同光催化机理；简要阐述了铜催化剂在不同类型反应中的应用，重点讨论了铜(Ⅰ)催化剂在烯烃官能化、碳-碳偶联、碳-杂偶联、原位催化等反应中的应用研究，表明铜基化合物在光催化合成领域具有很大的应用潜力。对未来的研究工作进行了展望，指出拓展催化剂的反应适用性、探索催化剂的氧化还原能力、进一步开发催化剂在手性合成中的应用将是该领域的研究重点。     

高密度聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料屏蔽性能和力学性能研究

研究了高密度聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料的屏蔽性能和力学性能，通过屏蔽仿真比较了密度及碳化硼（B4C）含量对屏蔽性能的影响，通过试验比较了B4C含量对屏蔽性能、弯曲强度及冲击强度的影响。仿真结果表明,随聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料密度升高，快中子屏蔽性能下降，热中子屏蔽性能和γ屏蔽性能提高；保持聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料密度不变，随B4C含量的提高，中子屏蔽性能提高而γ屏蔽性能下降;实验数据表明,随B4C含量的升高，高密度聚乙烯/铅硼材料的快中子屏蔽性能、热中子屏蔽性能升高，γ屏蔽系数下降，冲击强度和弯曲强度下降明显，屏蔽性能测试结果和仿真结果规律性相符；综合仿真结果和实验数据表明，含B4C 2 %左右的高密度聚乙烯/铅硼复合材料同时具有较好的屏蔽性能和力学性能。     

Effects of Cooling Rate and Component on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–Zn–Y Alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y(wt%) alloys under different cooling rates were investigated. The results show that the second dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y is reduced by 32 and 30% with increasing cooling rates(Rc) from 10.2 to 23 K/s, which can be predicted using a empirical model of SDAS=68 R 0:45:45cand SDAS=73 R 0c, respectively. The compressive strength of both alloys increases with increasing the cooling rate, which is attributed to the increase of volume fraction(Vf) of secondary phases under high cooling rate. The interaction of the cooling rate and component with SDAS has been theoretically analyzed using interdependence theory.