Preparation and polymerization of isopimaric acid derivatives

Isopimaric acid is a typical rosin compound and can account for 30% of the total mass of slash pine rosin. The molecular structure of isopimaric acid derivatives features an unsaturated double bond at the C13 position, opening up the possibility of their industrial polymerization. In this study, isopimaric acid (95.4%), methyl isopimarate (99.5%), and allyl isopimarate (95.1%) were prepared as highly pure monomers. New experimental results are presented and mechanisms based on the investigation of free-radical polymerization under UV irradiation are proposed. New rosin monomers for potential value-added utilization of woody biomass are also identified. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47817.     

The origin of the modulated structure in Sr2CuO3+δ (δ = 0.4): [CuO2] in-plane oxygen vacancy or apical oxygen vacancy?

We propose the question of the modulated structures of copper oxide is caused by the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy or apical oxygen vacancy. Sr₂CuO_3+δ single-crystal samples were prepared using high-temperature and high-pressure methods. The major phase of Sr₂CuO_3+δ (δ = 0.4) single-crystal system is found to be constituted by the 5 a modulated structure with the Fmmm space group, which originates from the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy appearing in octahedral Cu-O. Besides, the presence of the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy may obliterate the superconductivity of the system. Experimental results deduce that the oxygen vacancy may appear in the apical oxygen sites in high-temperature copper oxide superconductors.     

Structure, properties, and thermal stability of nanocrystallite Fe-Ti-N soft magnetic films

We deposited Fe-Ti-N magnetic films with a high sputtering power of 7 W/cm/sup 2/. When the composition of the films was in the range of Fe-Ti(3.9 at.%)-N(8.8 at.%) to Fe-Ti(3.3 at.%)-N(13.5 at.%), the films were composed of /spl alpha/' and Ti/sub 2/N precipitates. With the addition of nitrogen, 4/spl pi/M/sub s/ became higher than that of pure iron, reaching a maximum of 23.8 kG. At the same time, H/sub c/ was reduced to a minimum of 1.12 Oe. The best films can meet the needs of the recording head in dual-element giant magnetoresistive/inductive heads, yielding high storage density (10 Gb/in/sup 2/). The incorporation of N in /spl alpha/-Fe brought about the /spl alpha/' phase with its higher saturation magnetization. Ti additions inhibited the equilibrium decomposition /spl alpha/'/spl rarr//spl alpha/+/spl gamma/'. Because H/sub C//sup D//spl prop/D/sup 6/, where D is average grain diameter, grain size control is very important. The nitrogen induces severe distortion of the /spl alpha/' lattice, which can cause the grains to break into pieces and reduce the grain size. High sputtering power also led to the formation of fine grains, with diameter in the order of 14 nm. Probably Ti/sub 2/N is preferentially precipitated on the grain boundary, pinning the grain boundary and stabilizing the grain size during high-temperature heat treatment. The temperature limit for stability of the structure and its associated low coercivity was not less than 520/spl deg/C.     

焉耆盆地原油物理化学特征及油源对比研究

在焉耆盆地侏罗系三工河组和八道湾组均发现原油,目前关于侏罗系产层原油的油源问题存在不同的认识。对研究区原油的物理、化学性质进行系统的研究,认为侏罗系三工河组和八道湾组原油不仅在物理性质上有一定的差别,而且在地球化学组成及生物标记化合物上也有一定的差异,应具有不同的来源。侏罗系三工河组原油属于典型腐殖型干酪根成因,而侏罗系八道湾组原油除了具有腐殖型干酪根成因的某些特征外,还具有湖相泥岩生烃的特点。通过原油与各类源岩生物标志物进一步对比分析发现,侏罗系三工河组原油与西山窑、三工河组烃源岩及石炭系、三叠系烃源岩地球化学特征均存在明显差异,与侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩对比性较好。侏罗系八道湾组原油与八道湾组、三叠系源岩有一定相似性,因此认为八道湾组源岩为其主要源岩,三叠系源岩也有一定的贡献。目前勘探生产主要以八道湾组烃源岩为目标,下一步应加强对三叠系烃源岩贡献区带的勘探部署。      

Study on Hydrocracking of VGO Derived from Kazakhstan-Russian Mixed Crude

1 Introduction With the successful completion of the construction of the China-Kazakhstan oil pipeline the refinery at Dushanzi Pet- rochemical Company will process the Kazakhstan-Russian mixed crude at full steam starting 2007. The high sulfur, nitro- gen and heavy metals contents in the Kazakhstan-Russian mixed crude would have a serious impact on the secondary processing units of the Dushanzi refinery, in particular on the distillate hydrocracking unit, which mainly operates on vacuum g…     

催化裂化装置生产异戊烯的模拟计算研究

应用HYSIM模拟软件,对催化裂化(FCC)装置获取碳五馏分的各种方案进行了研究,并对各方案的优缺点进行了评述。仅有一套FCC装置的炼油厂或者同时拥有几套FCC装置但各装置稳定汽油辛烷值接近的炼油厂,推荐采用塔底方案。炼油化工型企业可考虑塔顶方案或侧线方案。     

应用API 581对输气站场进行定量风险评价

目前专门针对输气站场的风险评价方法还不多，现有的手段也只是根据国家法律法规得出定性的评价结果，然后按照评价结果对照得出整改方案。为此，对输气站场的定量风险评价工作提出了一套新方法，得到了定量的和更加客观的风险排序，为管道站场的完整性管理工作提供了有力的支持；并以陕京输气管道榆林压气站为例，应用美国石油学会标准API 581（基于风险检测的基本源文件）对站内设施进行了风险评价，计算了站内设备和管线的失效后果、失效概率，得到了定量风险值，进而分析了风险值产生差异的原因。最后，针对我国输气管道风险评估工作提出了看法和建议。     

基于实际井眼轨迹的抽油杆柱API设计方法

目前的抽油杆柱设计方法大都基于设计井眼轨迹或经验公式，因此设计的抽油杆柱与井眼的匹配性并没有达到最优，结果可能影响了抽油杆柱的受力特性和寿命。概述了目前现有的抽油杆柱设计方法，提出了基于实际井眼轨迹的抽油杆柱API设计方法，即考虑到在三维空间中井下粘滞阻力及动载的影响，利用微单元分析方法计算出轴向载荷与轴向应力，然后在此基础上进行杆柱组合设计，并给出了设计流程。以江苏油田永21-3井为例，对几种设计方法的设计结果进行了对比分析，结果表明，江苏油田目前采用的抽油杆柱设计方法包含了人为经验因素，并不是最优的杆柱设计结果，有待进一步改进。     

自动监视和告警系统中红外弱小目标的识别

红外弱小目标识别一直是自动监视和告警系统中的一项关键技术。成像跟踪识别系统的算法研究需要分析特定应用环境中的背景和目标特点，本文第一部分对此进行了分析。接下来，在对应用环境进行分析的基础上，对远距离红外小目标的探测、识别和跟踪算法进行了介绍。最后，针对视频环境下的红外跟踪，介绍了为提高跟踪稳定性而进行的一系列实验及其原理装置。     

面向应用的无线传感器网络

结合具体的应用环境分析了无线传感器网络发展到第二阶段需要考虑的重点问题；探讨了基于上述应用需求的无线传感器网络的协议栈结构和今后的研究方向。