采用Ni—Cr合金热喷涂延长连铸结晶器寿命

三岛光产所开发的Ni-Cr合金热喷涂结晶器,是通过对连铸结晶器表面喷涂Ni-Cr合金涂层,使其寿命达到原来镀Ni结晶器的3-6倍,本文介绍Ni-Cr合金热喷涂结晶器的特性、使用效果和使用上的注意点。     

Preparation of Nd(III) carbonate by precipitation stripping of Nd(III)-loaded VA10

The preparation of fine particles of Nd(III) carbonate from kerosene solution, from which Nd(III) was extracted with versatic acid 10 (VA10) by a precipitation stripping technique using an aqueous NH₃-(NH₄)₂CO₃ solution as stripping medium, was studied. In preliminary experiments, we were unable to recover simple Nd(III) carbonate from Nd(III)-loaded VA10 by CO₂ gas bubbling, when water, (NH₄)₂CO₃, NH₄HCO₃, NaHCO₃, or NA₂CO₃ solution saturated with CO₂ was used as the stripping solution. To obtain simple Nd(III) carbonate, it is necessary to use more than the stoichiometric amount of NH₃ compared to VA10 and about 10 times as much (NH₄)₂CO₃ as Nd(III). The solution mixture of NH₃-(NH₄)₂)CO₃ acts as a pH buffer, an adductor for VA10, and a CO ₃ ²⁻ ion source. Although it was concluded that the precipitates are Nd₂(CO₃)₃·xH₂O (x⊧4), their X-ray pattern does not coincide with that quoted by JCPDS. By heating these precipitates, cubic Nd₂O₃ was obtained at 823 K, while, at 973 K, hexagonal Nd₂O₃ was formed. Since the stripping solution consisting of NH₃-(NH₄)₂CO₃ was highly alkaline, VA10 was also stripped in the aqueous phase. To use a closed-circuit system for the precipitation stripping of Nd(III) carbonate from Nd(III)-loaded VA10, it is important to regenerate VA10 in the organic phase. For this purpose, evaporation of NH₃ by air bubbling was studied. By bubbling air into a stripping solution warmed at 333 K, almost all the VA10 can be transferred to the organic phase.     

N–T Characteristics of Magnetic Gear Motor with Inherent Overload Protection

This paper describes the N?T characteristics of magnetic gear motors in which permanent magnets are used only in the high‐speed rotor. The N?T characteristics for the cases with and without high‐speed rotor slip are computed by finite element analysis under vector control. These characteristics are verified by measurements on a prototype. Finally, the differences between the computed and measured N?T characteristics are discussed.     

Ionic salt permeability through phase‐separated membranes composed of amphoteric polymers

Amphoteric copolymers composed of hydrophilic poly(dimethyl acrylamide) and hydrophobic poly(dimethyl siloxane) formed phase‐separated membranes. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic components formed continuous phase‐separated domains in the membranes. The hydrated poly(dimethyl acrylamide) domains formed membrane‐spanning pathways, which permitted an ionic salt to permeate the membranes. The permeability of the ionic salt through the amphoteric copolymer membranes was studied. On the basis of the results, the mechanism of salt transport could be explained by the free‐volume theory, which was used for the analysis of diffusive transport in the hydrated, homogeneous membranes. The diffusion coefficient of the ionic salt increased exponentially as the volume ratio of the hydrophilic polymer to water [(1 − H)/H, where H is the degree of hydration] decreased in the membrane. It was possible to postulate that the diffusion of the ionic salt through the membranes was dependent on the free‐volume fractions of water and hydrophilic poly(dimethyl acrylamide) domains in the membranes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Effect of textured eye drop bottles on the photostability of pranoprofen 0.1% ophthalmic solution

Context: Ophthalmic solutions are usually filled in a plastic bottle due to its durability and disposability. In Japan, photostability is one of the concerns for the quality control because an eye drop bottle must be a transparent container.

Objective: The present work studied the effect of textured eye drop bottles on its light blocking to improve the photostability of ophthalmic solutions.

Materials and methods: We investigated the photostability of Pranoprofen ophthalmic solution filled in a variety of textured eye drop bottles. Pranoprofen content was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and surface structure of textured eye drop bottles was evaluated by transmittance, calculated average roughness (Ra) and haze intensity.

Results: We observed that eye drop bottle which had greater than Ra value of 1.0?µm and haze intensity 62% clearly showed photostability improvement.

Conclusions: This report is the first one which shows that photostability of ophthalmic solution is improved by using textured eye drop bottle. Moreover, this approach is a simple and effective method to improve the photostability. This method is available for not only various ophthalmic applications but also other liquid pharmaceuticals or food products.     

Charge evaluation of EDLC for autonomous microgrid energy storage

Electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is now playing more and more roles in microgrids for renewable energy storage due to its characteristic merits in high charging and high energy density. Different charging modes of EDLC are mainly studied in this paper. Compared with traditional constant-voltage and constant-current charging modes, constant-power charging mode (CPCM) ranks more reasonable positions for autonomous systems. Numerical calculations were presented for practical analysis, which was validated to be accurate enough and applicable by a simple case with PV/EDLC system configuration. Charging efficiency of different charging modes was also reviewed with strict mathematic deductions. Furthermore, trade-off problems, between charging time/efficiency/energy loss, were also investigated in brief for practical optimization of application occasions. For practical applications, how to utilize and manage the relationship of shifting modes in a reasonable way can be dealt with the actual requirements.     

Suppression of cell death in primary rat hepatocytes by alpha1-acid glycoprotein

In screening for effective additives for the long-term culture of hepatocytes, the hepatoprotective effect of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) was observed. AGP prevented primary hepatocytes from undergoing cell death induced by the chemical toxin, bromobenzene. Moreover, AGP added to medium was found to maintain the number of viable hepatocytes for as long as 6 d. The hepatoprotective effect of AGP was lost by removing sialic acid groups at the N-glycan chain terminal of AGP. It is shown that the complete form of N-glycan chain is needed for the hepatoprotectivity of AGP.     

Energy transfer and trap site formation in a photopolymer film containing carboxyl groups and benzylidene ketone dyes

The photophysics of the hydrogen-bonded (HB) state and the protonated (PR) state of a photosensitizer, 2,6-bis(4′-diethylaminobenzylidene)cyclopentanone (DBC) in a polymer matrix containing carboxyl groups was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and decay curve analysis. The fluorescence spectrum of the excited DBC HB with the carboxyl unit was composed of emission from two species peaking at 567 and 627 nm, which were assigned to the emission from the weakly HB state (HB1) and the strongly HB state (HB2) of DBC, respectively. The excitation energy is able to migrate through the HB1 states and then transfers to the HB2 site and the PR DBC site. At low DBC concentrations, not only PR but also HB2 acts as a deep trap of the excitation energy. The concentration of PR was estimated to be ca. 40% of DBC by the fluorescence decay analysis based on the Förster kinetics. These results indicate that the photoinitiation reaction of this photopolymer system proceeds in competition with the energy transfer to these large amounts of trap sites formed by interaction between the DBC dye and the carboxyl unit of the matrix polymer.     

Design of a Hot Tensile Stage for an Ultra-High-Voltage Electron Microscope and Its Application to in Situ Deformation of Sapphire at 1620 and 1720 K

A hot tensile stage, which is capable of operation at temperatures of up to 2300 K, has been constructed for an ultra-high-voltage (3 MV) electron microscope. With this stage, in situ deformation experiments have been conducted on sapphire at 1620 and 1720 K. At 1620 K, almost all the dislocations activated are of the basal slip system. The motion of dislocations is not jerky but rather smooth and continuous. At 1720 K, dislocations frequently undergo motions not confined in the basal plane. Activation of the secondary slip system is also observed at this temperature.     

Synthesis of Various LaMO3 Perovskites in Molten Carbonates

Lanthanum-containing perovskites, LaMO₃ (M=Al, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ga, and In), have been synthesized in molten carbonates from a mixture of lanthanum carbonate and an M-containing oxide or an acetate, or from a co-precipitation mixture of metal (M) and lanthanum. Metal aluminum, chromium, and iron, immersed in a mixture of molten (Li_0.52Na_0.48)₂CO₃ and lanthanum carbonate at 923 K, were covered, respectively, with LaAlO₃, LaCrO₃, and LaFeO₃. Ceramic and single-crystal α-Al₂O₃, immersed in molten (Li_0.52Na_0.48)₂CO₃ mixed with lanthanum carbonate, were also covered with LaAlO₃. In situ X-ray diffractometry revealed that La₂O₂CO₃ reacted with α-LiAlO₂ to yield LaAlO₃; the reaction proceeded faster under N₂ than under a CO₂ atmosphere.