Evaluating alternative economic growth rates and land use policies for Flathead County, Montana

Nine alternative futures are simulated for Flathead County, Montana for 2000–2014 and 2000–2024. Alternative futures incorporate high, moderate, and low growth rates, and baseline (current), moderately restrictive, and highly restrictive land use policies. Increases in employment are estimated using the IMPLAN regional economic model and translated into acreage requirements for commercial–institutional–industrial (CI&I) units and six types of housing units. Conversion of developable parcels to CI&I and housing units is based on a multiple-criteria score that measures the suitability of developable parcels for various developed uses. Additional jobs and housing units needed to support those jobs increase substantially, particularly for the moderate and high growth rates. Total acreage required for CI&I and housing units exceeds the acreage available for development for the baseline policy with the moderate and high growth rates, and for the moderately restrictive policy with high growth rates. There are no land shortages with any of the growth rates for the highly restrictive land use policy. Moderate and high growth can be sustained through 2024 in Flathead County by implementing a moderately restrictive land use policy if growth rates are moderate, and a highly restrictive land use policy if the growth rates are high.     

Drag-out reduction techniques using barrel blow-down and DSC dip-spin-tilt technology

When utilizing a DSC hoist transfer system vs. a barrel treatment system, there is an 80% savings of rinse water and a 50% reduction of chrome sludge. (Fig. 1). The chemicals required to treat the rinse solutions when dumping the rinse tank are also reduced by 50%.     

绿色技术是现代服务器和笔记本电脑中的关键

电源系统设计师必需克服的一大障碍是设法降低高功率服务器的功耗水平，因为它们在这些模式中仍然将从交流电源插座或后备电池系统吸收电流。所以，人们日益强烈地要求功率转换IC在其被置于待机或停机模式中时提供较低的静态电流。当今的便携式笔记本电脑设计师也面临着前所未有的挑战。对高性能电源管理系统的需求便是这些挑战中的一个。     

A new dissimilarity measure for finding semantic structure in category fluency data with implications for understanding memory organization in schizophrenia.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 21(2) of Neuropsychology (see record 2007-03216-013). The Web site address provided for the supplemental data was incorrect. The correct address is http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.685.supp.] The ordering of words in category fluency lists is indicative of the semantic distance between items in conceptual memory. Several studies have concluded from structural analyses of such data, using cluster analysis or multidimensional scaling, that the semantic memory of patients with schizophrenia is more disorganized than that of controls. Previous studies have based their analyses on a measure of average interitem dissimilarity devised by A. S. Chan et al. (1993). Here the authors derive a new and improved method of determining dissimilarity and show that when this measure is applied to the fluency lists of patients with schizophrenia, the average pattern of organization for the animal category has similar structure to that of controls, but with greater variability between individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Artificial motives: A review of motivation in artificial creatures

The significance of the motivational determinants of animal and human behaviour has been recognized for some time by psychologists, ethologists and other students of behaviour. The diversity of mechanisms and processes which have been proposed as explanations of motivated behaviour reflects the depth and complexity of this issue. In recent years, researchers interested in designing artificial creatures and similar robotic devices have turned to these theories of motivation as a means of making their creations more adaptive to real-world situations. This paper outlines some of the pertinent strands of motivation research in animal psychology and animal behaviour; topics considered include ethological models of motivation and psychological accounts such as drive theory and incentive motivation. These theories provide the framework for a review of artefactual models which include a motivational dimension in artificial neural and other parallel distributed animat control mechanisms. The paper goes on to explore the potential of an interactive view of motivation, adopted by theorists such as F. Toates (1986, Motivational Systems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), as the basis for identifying the problems of including a motivational dimension in the design of artificial creatures, e.g. the issue of 'emergent motivation'.     

e-Science, caGrid, and Translational Biomedical Research

Translational research projects target a wide variety of diseases, test many different kinds of biomedical hypotheses, and employ a large assortment of experimental methodologies. Diverse data, complex execution environments, and demanding security and reliability requirements make the implementation of these projects extremely challenging and require novel e-Science technologies.     

Shaping: A multiple contingencies analysis and its relevance to behaviour-based robotics

Operant shaping is a technique used by psychologists to train new behaviours in animals and is also of interest to roboticists and artefactual modellers. This review argues that an understanding of the nature of shaping in animals will facilitate the use of this training method by roboticists, and other designers of artificial adaptive systems, who wish to adopt ideas and concepts from animal psychology and ethology. To do this, the paper reviews a number ofanimal models of operant shaping. It identifies issues that are relevant to the successful application of this technique in both animals and autonomous agents. These issues include the question of how to identify and assess the behaviours subject to shaping, the nature of the learning contingencies which are active during operant shaping, and the issue of whether shaping generates new and original functionalities or, alternatively, simply acts to reorganize the existing behavioural repertoire of the animal or robot. A number of robotic applications of shaping techniques are considered. The similarities between ontogenetic shaping and the phylogenetic shaping techniques employed in evolutionary learning are discussed. The paper concludes by arguing that an understanding of ontogenetic shaping, achieved through the study of animals, will facilitate the design of robots that must function in real world situations.     

Why managers should care about fairness: The effects of aggregate justice perceptions on organizational outcomes.

This work examines the aggregation of justice perceptions to the departmental level and the business-unit level, the impact of these aggregate perceptions on business-unit-level outcomes, and the usefulness of the distinction between procedural and interpersonal justice at different levels of analysis. Latent variables analyses of individual-level and department-level data from 4,539 employees in 783 departments at 97 hotel properties showed that the 2 justice types exercise unique paths of impact on employees' organizational commitment and thus on turnover intentions and discretionary service behavior. Business-unit-level analyses further demonstrate paths of association between aggregate justice perceptions, aggregate commitment levels, and the business-unit-level outcomes of employee turnover rates and customer satisfaction ratings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)