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51.
Ali Abas Wani Preeti Singh Manzoor Ahmad Shah Ute Schweiggert‐Weisz Khalid Gul Idrees Ahmed Wani 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2012,11(5):417-436
Abstract: Rice starch is one of the major cereal starches with novel functional properties. Significant progress has been made in recent years on the characterization of rice starches separated from different rice cultivars. Studies have revealed that the molecular structure and functional properties are affected by rice germplasm, isolation procedure, climate, agronomic conditions, and grain development. Morphological studies (microscopy and particle size analysis) have reflected significant differences among rice starch granule shapes (polyhedral, irregular) and in granule size (2 to 7 μm). Nonwaxy and long‐grain rice starches show greater variation in granular size than the waxy starches. Rice starch granules are smaller than other cereal starches with amylose contents varying from virtually amylose‐free in waxy to about 35% in nonwaxy and long‐grain rice starches. Amylose content appears to be the major factor controlling almost all physicochemical properties of rice starch due to its influence on pasting, gelatinization, retrogradation, syneresis, and other functional properties. Waxy rice starches have high swelling and solubility parameters, and larger relative crystallinity values than nonwaxy and long‐grain starches. However, nonwaxy rice starches have a higher gelatinization temperature than the waxy and long‐grain starches. The bland taste, nonallergenicity, and smooth, creamy, and spreadable characteristics of rice starch make it unique and valuable in food and pharmaceutical applications. This review provides recent information on the variation in the molecular structure and functional properties of different rice starches. 相似文献
52.
The aspects of magnetized mixed convection in second‐grade fluid flow near stagnant point induced by vertical wall are reported. The fluid is impinging orthogonally on the power law lubricant surface. The convective surface temperature and concentration distribution have been assumed. Both the lubricant and the base fluid are governed by the partial differential mathematical expressions. The velocity of the second‐grade fluid and the lubricant are supposed to be continuous at interface. To get the solution of defined nonlinear problem, an implicit numerical technique namely Keller‐Box scheme is applied. The influential constraints are visualized by plotting graphs on velocity, concentration, and thermal profiles. The results of skin‐friction factors, and mass and heat transport rates for both opposing and assisting flows are tabulated and evaluated. The obtained results are validated through available data for limiting conditions. 相似文献
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56.
Alina Manzoor Muhammad Azhar Khan Aamir Shahzad Tahani I. Al-Muhimeed Abeer A. AlObaid Hind Albalawi Amir Muhammad Afzal Muhammad Kashif Sofia Tahir Tariq Munir 《Ceramics International》2021,47(16):22662-22668
Ho-substituted Li–Ni ferrites with composition L i1.2Ni0.4HoxFe2-xO4; 0≤ x ≤ 0.15 were synthesized by a self-ignited sol-gel process. An annealing temperature of 950 °C is estimated via thermal-gravimetric (TGA) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) scans have confirmed the formation of the ferrite phase with a spinel structure in all samples. Substitution of Ho ions on the B-site significantly reduced the porosity from 38 -to 23% and the crystallite size from 23.4 -to 21.7 nm. Microstructural analysis revealed a denser structure with an increase in Ho content. Dielectric results showed that both the dielectric loss and dielectric constant depict a nonlinear variation with the addition of Ho. Complex impedance behavior with a single semicircle for all samples suggests the predominant effect of the grain boundary mechanism. The substitution of Ho ions in place of Fe ions significantly decreased the electrical conductivity. The anisotropic Ho3+ ions reinforce the L-S coupling which consequently enhanced the coercive force from 145 -to 389 Oe, and thus the anisotropy constant. 相似文献
57.
The use of granite as a building material is a potential source of excessive radiation; therefore, natural radioactivity was measured in Nagarparkar granite using a HPGe γ 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were found to be 25.93, 41.84 and 867.09 Bq.kg-1 , respectively. Based on the activities of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K, assessment of the radiation indices, annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk was made. All of these were found to be comparable with the worldwide granite averages.
58.
M. Sarwar E. Ahmad N. Hussain B. Ahmad T. Manzoor 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2006,15(3):352-354
Intercritical heat treatment (ICHT) and thermomechanical processing (TMP) were used on steel having 0.16% C to vary the morphology,
distribution of ferrite, and martensite phases, in order to study the resistance to fatigue crack propagation and crack path
morphology in dual-phase steel. A crack growth rate has been determined at ∼10−10 to 10−3 m per cycle in ICHT and TMP samples. The tortuous morphology of the crack path was observed in unrolled materials, which
resulted in reduction of the crack driving force from crack deflection and increased the ΔK
th. In thermomechanical processed materials, the crack tended to cross the martensite and the crack path become less circuitous,
resulting in decrease a threshold stress intensity factor (ΔK
th) as compared with unrolled material. 相似文献
59.
Samina Khalid Muhammad Usman Akram Tehmina Shehryar Waqas Ahmed Marium Sadiq Mahak Manzoor Nelam Nosheen 《International journal of imaging systems and technology》2021,31(1):236-252
Impairment to macula can cause loss of central vision. There are various macular disorders that can affect macular region and if not treated at an early stage can cause irreversible central vision loss. Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) disorder is one of the most threading macular disorder. Bright lesion, drusens presence in macular region is known as the hallmark of AMD disorder. This bright lesion differentiation from other bright lesion like exudates is important for accurate diagnosis of AMD. Focus of this article is automated diagnosis of affected macular region by applying a hybrid features set containing textural, color, and structural/shape features for more accurate detection of AMD at an early stage using fundus images. These features also help to distinguish drusens from exudates. The proposed algorithm at first stage, detect macular region from input fundus image and then perform features extraction based on textural pattern, edge, and structural properties of macular region to classify abnormal macula from normal macula. For classification, we have used support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbor and neural networks but SVM classifier achieves high accuracy. The proposed algorithm is tested on publicly available STARE and locally available AFIO datasets. Attained sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of our proposed system are 97.5%, 95% and 95.45%, respectively, when applied on STARE dataset. When we have applied our proposed system on AFIO dataset, we have attained sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 93.3%, 92% and 92.34%, respectively. 相似文献
60.
Yuan Li Mugen Peng Ahmed Manzoor Chonggang Wang 《Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies》2016,27(1):101-110
The modelling of co‐channel interference in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is increasingly highlighted for the spectrum underlay mechanism where the macro base stations (MBSs) and low‐power nodes (LPNs) share the same radio resources. To clarify the characteristics of co‐channel interference, an analytical interference model is developed in this paper for the two‐tier hierarchical HetNets in Long‐Term‐Evolution‐Advanced systems, which consists of MBSs with deterministic locations and LPNs locating with a random Poisson field. The distribution of aggregate interference is analysed, and the parameters impacting the proposed interference model are evaluated. In the proposed aggregate interference model, the success probability is derived on the basis of the moment generation function. Further, the ergodic capacity is developed in high signal‐to‐noise ratio region, and its closed‐form expressions are derived for both MBSs and LPNs. Simulation results are presented to validate the analytical results of proposed interference model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献