悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中的微量铬

将茶叶悬浮于琼脂胶体中制成悬浮液 ,直接喷入空气 -乙炔火焰 ,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中的微量铬 ,方法简便、快速、灵敏度和精密度高、测定结果与用灰化法处理样品一致 ,检验表明 ,两种样品前处理方法之间无显著性差异。相对标准偏差为 3.4 %～ 6 .1% ,加标回收率为 95 .7%～ 10 3.8 %。     

浅论食品添加剂的安全性

介绍了食品添加剂的定义、分类和作用 ,分析了国内外食品添加剂的现状、发展前景及存在的问题 ,综述了食品添加剂的安全性问题及监督管理办法。     

^60Co—γ辐照改性法制备高熔体强度聚丙烯

以多官能度丙烯酸酯类单体为辐照敏化剂，在氮气保护下，通过^60Co-γ射线的引发作用，将普通线怀聚丙烯改性成为具有长支化结构的高熔体强度聚丙烯。研究了辐照敏化剂的官能度数，用量以及辐照的剂量对凝胶含量的影响。通过辐照聚丙烯熔体流动速率和熔体强度的测定，可以得出结论；在氮气氛围中，普通聚丙烯树脂加入1．0％的两官能度辐照敏化剂，采用1kGy剂量的^60Co-γ射线进行辐照，可得到高熔体强度的聚丙烯；增塑剂和抗氧剂的加入，以及聚丙烯辐照前，后的热处理对辐照聚丙烯熔体强度的提高均有不同程度的促进作用。     

微波条件下 SiO2/K2CO3促进的无溶剂法由肉桂醛/NH2OH·HCI直接制备肉桂腈

以肉桂醛为原料,在无溶剂的条件下SiO2/K2CO3促进一步法直接制备肉桂腈.确定的最佳反应条件是当肉桂醛盐酸羟胺碳酸钾=11.50.85(摩尔比),SiO2用量为每mmol肉桂醛0.3～0.4 g,室温下彻底研磨均匀后,以微波730 W火力加热4～5 min,制备效果最佳.在此条件下从肉桂醛制备肉桂腈的平均得率达90.3%.     

3种2-甲基-2-烷基-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷类化合物的合成

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂, 3种酮类化合物和二硫代乙二醇在苯中共沸脱水,合成了 2 -甲基- 2 -乙基- 1, 3 -二硫杂环戊烷、2- 甲基- 2- 异丁基- 1, 3- 二硫杂环戊烷和 -2 -甲基- 2 -异戊基 1, 3 二硫杂环戊烷,产率分别为 71. 5%、74. 3%和 75. 6%,质量分数分别为 98 .8%、99. 1%和 98. 9%。经红外光谱分析、元素分析、核磁共振分析和色 -质联机分析确定了 3种产物的结构。     

3-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二(口恶)烷-2-基)-2-丁烯醛合成研究

以4-乙酰氧基-2-甲基-2-丁烯醛为原料,经醛基保护、酯交换、氧化合成3-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二(口恶)烷-2-基)-2-丁烯醛.首次采用氯化亚铜协同TEMPO催化氧化2-(3-羟基-1-甲基-1-丙烯基)-5,5-二(口恶)甲基-1,3-二(口恶)烷,合成3-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二(口恶)烷-2-基)-2-丁烯醛.初步研究了催化氧化反应机理,指明了催化氧化反应研究的方向.氯化亚铜协同TEMPO催化氧化α-烯醇合成α-烯醛,对于现代类胡萝卜素类药物和其他新药开发研究具有重要意义.     

非炭黑橡胶补强填料的应用研究进展

介绍非炭黑橡胶补强填料白炭黑、粘土、碳酸钙和短纤维的应用研究进展。白炭黑以其优良的补强性能成为最主要的白色、透明补强填充剂。白炭黑与硅烷偶联剂并用于轮胎胎面胶中，在降低轮胎滚动阻力的同时可改善轮胎的耐磨性和抗湿滑性。粘土／橡胶纳米复合材料具有良好的加工性能、优异的物理性能及阻隔性能等，广泛用于轮胎内胎、气密层、胶带、胶鞋等制品。碳酸钙尤其是超细活性碳酸钙已成为性能较好、白度高的橡胶补强填充剂之一，随着橡胶制品向品种齐全、用途广泛和色彩丰富方向发展，其应用将更加广泛。短纤维补强橡胶复合材料既具有橡胶的弹性，又有纤维的强度和刚度，制品具有高强度、高模量、耐撕裂、抗溶胀等优良性能，其复合材料已用于轮胎胎圈包布胶、三角胶、内衬层和胎面及胶管和输送带等产品。     

Effect of structural and electrochemical properties of different Cr-doped contents of Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2

Layered Li[Ni_(1−x)/3Mn_(1−x)/3Co_(1−x)/3Cr_x]O₂ materials with x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05 are prepared by a solid-state pyrolysis method. The oxide compounds were calcined with various Cr-doped contents, which result in greater difference in morphological (shape, particle size and specific surface area) and the electrochemical (first charge profile, reversible capacity and rate capability) differences. The Li[Ni_(1−x)/3Mn_(1−x)/3Co_(1−x)/3Cr_x]O₂ powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), charge/discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and SEM. XRD experiment revealed that the Li[Ni_(1−x)/3Mn_(1−x)/3Co_(1−x)/3Cr_x]O₂ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05) were crystallized to well layered -NaFeO₂ structure. The first specific discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency of the electrode of Cr-doped materials were higher than that of pristine material. When x = 0.02, the sample showed the highest first discharge capacity of 241.9 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 30 mA g⁻¹ in the voltage range 2.3–4.6 V, and the Cr-doped samples exhibited higher discharge capacity and better cycleability under medium and high current densities at room temperature.     

Sodium molybdate—a possible alternate additive for sodium dichromate in the electrolytic production of sodium chlorate

Sodium dichromate is commonly used in sodium chlorate production to maintain high current efficiency; however, it is also a well documented carcinogen. To reduce the environmental impact, identification of a suitable alternative with similar buffering characteristics to dichromate and without adverse effect on the electrolytic performance of sodium chlorate production is important; sodium molybdate is a good candidate. Molybdate ion and its conjugated acid work as a buffer pair at pH 5–6, a lower and slightly narrower pH window than the typical buffer region of dichromate. Nonetheless, the molybdate buffer works effectively during the electrolytic process by maintaining pH at 5.9. Although the use of molybdate buffer will lower the overpotential of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by 100 mV, the average off-gas oxygen content is noticeably compromised at 3.6–4.6%, measured using a pilot cell operated at 3 kA m⁻²and 80 °C during a 3-day trial. The resulting current efficiency of 91 92% is significantly lower than when dichromate is employed as the process additive (> 96%). Mixtures of different dichromate and molybdate ratio were also investigated in terms of the resulting cathode surface potential.