低温冷冻干燥装置的研制

冷冻干燥过程的研究对实验室用小型冷冻干燥装置提出了新的性能要求。笔者设计并制作了一台低温冷冻干燥装置 ,首次应用新型的自动复叠循环作其制冷系统。该装置最低制冷温度低于 - 80℃ ,并且能对温度、真空度以及制品质量进行准确地测量和控制 ,可用于多种制品冷冻干燥过程的研究和优化     

Dynamic parallel machine scheduling with mean weighted tardiness objective by Q-Learning

In this paper, we discuss a dynamic unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with sequence-dependant setup times and machine–job qualification consideration. To apply the Q-Learning algorithm, we convert the scheduling problem into reinforcement learning problems by constructing a semi-Markov decision process (SMDP), including the definition of state representation, actions and the reward function. We use five heuristics, WSPT, WMDD, WCOVERT, RATCS and LFJ-WCOVERT, as actions and prove the equivalence of the reward function and the scheduling objective: minimisation of mean weighted tardiness. We carry out computational experiments to examine the performance of the Q-Learning algorithm and the heuristics. Experiment results show that Q-Learning always outperforms all heuristics remarkably. Averaged over all test problems, the Q-Learning algorithm achieved performance improvements over WSPT, WMDD, WCOVERT, RATCS and LFJ-WCOVERT by considerable amounts of 61.38%, 60.82%, 56.23%, 57.48% and 66.22%, respectively.     

Acoustic emission characterization of steel in H2S solution subjected to tensile load

Abstract

This paper investigates the characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals generated from hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) for a medium strength steel in hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) solution. The experiments performed in this study include the constant load test (CLT) and the constant extension rate test (CERT).

From the results of the CLT, the AE count rate caused by SSCC was found to be much higher than that resulted from the HIC; and the increase of the AE count rate was observed to be approximately proportional to the increase of the applied loading. In addition, the AE frequency distribution diagrams obtained from these tests were found to contain potential information for distinguishing the mechanisms of HIC and SSCC. From the results of CERT, the AE signals detected from the specimens tested in the H₂S solution were compared with those obtained from the specimens tested in the air. In addition, the AE count rate detected from the tensile specimens was studied according to the different deformation stages of the specimens. From this study, the variation of the AE count rate in each deformation stage was described.     

Zero-Knowledge Argument for Simultaneous Discrete Logarithms

In Crypto 1992, Chaum and Pedersen introduced a protocol (CP protocol for short) for proving the equality of two discrete logarithms (EQDL) with unconditional soundness, which is widely used nowadays and plays a central role in DL-based cryptography. Somewhat surprisingly, the CP protocol has never been improved for nearly two decades since its advent. We note that the CP protocol is usually used as a non-interactive proof by using the Fiat-Shamir heuristic, which inevitably relies on the random oracle model (ROM) and assumes that the adversary is computationally bounded. In this paper, we present an EQDL protocol in the ROM which saves approximately 40% of the computational cost and approximately 33% of the prover??s outgoing message size when instantiated with the same security parameter. The catch is that our security guarantee only holds for computationally bounded adversaries. Our idea can be naturally extended for simultaneously showing the equality of n discrete logarithms with O(1)-size commitment, in contrast to the n-element adaption of the CP protocol which requires O(n)-size. This improvement benefits a variety of interesting cryptosystems, ranging from signatures and anonymous credential systems, to verifiable secret sharing and threshold cryptosystems. As an example, we present a signature scheme that only takes one (offline) exponentiation to sign, without utilizing pairing, relying on the standard decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption.     

Microstructural Evolution of P92 Steel During Long-Term Aging

The mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of P92 steel were investigated after aging up to 11,000 h at 923 K. Charpy impact and tensile tests were carried out to study the strength and ductility of aged P92 steel. In addition, microstructure evolution of the samples during long-term aging was investigated with X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then, statistical quantitative image analysis based on SEM images was used to evaluate the precipitation during long-term aging. The mechanical properties were found to be associated with the evolution of precipitation, especially the coarsening of Laves-phase. Results show that the ductility and strength of P92 steel decrease with the growth of Laves-phase during short-term aging (shorter than 1000 h). However, as the aging time further increasing, the ductility and strength of P92 steel decrease slowly with the coarsening of Laves-phase.     

A review of CO2 sorbents for promoting hydrogen production in the sorption-enhanced steam reforming process

Sorption-enhanced-steam-reforming (SESR) is a thermochemical conversion technology that produces a high-purity hydrogen stream by utilizing in-situ removal of CO₂ with a sorbent. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of CaO based sorbents, alkali-metal based sorbents (Na₂ZrO₃, Li₂ZrO₃ and Li₄SiO₄), hydrotalcite based sorbents, bifunctional materials and sorbents prepared from wastes are briefly discussed, and the techniques to improve the sorption properties of these CO₂ sorbents are summarized. In the process of hydrogen production by sorption-enhanced-steam-reforming, the selection of suitable high-temperature CO₂ sorbent is the key to produce high purity hydrogen. Furthermore, the hydrogen-production performance of the above-mentioned sorbents in the SESR process is investigated and summarized. Finally, a future perspective and some suggestions regarding these five types of sorbents are put forward.     

自动无源滤波装置在电力系统客户中的应用

电力用户中大量使用的变频器、高频加热设备等非线性负荷一般对无功需求容量大,功率因数低,谐波含量大。以上海通用轴承有限公司节能改造为例,介绍了对该类电力用户应用自动无源滤波装置在节能降耗方面所起的积极作用。     

Improving supercritical water gasification of sludge by oil palm empty fruit bunch addition: Promotion of syngas production and heavy metal stabilization

The co-gasification of sewage sludge and palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) in supercritical water (SCW) was conducted at 400℃ with a pressure of over 25 MPa. This study aimed to investigate the influence of EFB addition on the syngas production and its composition. The heavy metal distribution and the leaching potential of the solid residue were also assessed. The results showed that syngas yield significantly increased with the addition of EFB into the feedstock. The cold gas efficiency (CGE) and carbon efficiency (CE) of co-gasification were higher than those of individual gasification. The actual syngas production from co-gasification of sludge and EFB was 45% higher than the theoretical total volume. The results indicated that the addition of EFB to sludge had the synergetic promotion effect on syngas production from sludge and EFB in supercritical water. This enhancement might be due to the dissolution of alkali metals from EFB and the adjustment of organic ratio. In addition, higher percentage of heavy metals were deposited and stabilized in the solid residue after SCWG. The leaching concentration of heavy metals from the solid residues was decreased to a level below the standard limit which enables it to be safely disposed of in landfill. In conclusion, the EFB addition has been proved to promote syngas production, as well as, stabilize the heavy metal in solid residues during co-SCWG.