金属有机框架孔径调控进展

金属有机框架(MOFs)以其可灵活调节的孔道结构、大孔隙率和大比表面积等特点受到广泛关注。设计并构建能够实现目标功能的、具有合适孔径分布的MOFs材料关系到MOFs材料在分离、催化以及质子传导等领域中的应用。综述了MOFs材料孔径的主要调控方法，包括原位合成调控、后合成修饰调控、穿插调控以及辅助合成调控，总结了四种调控方法的特点和不足，并对未来MOFs孔径调控的发展方向进行了展望。     

优化聚酰胺分离层制备高选择透过性反渗透膜

反渗透（RO）膜分离技术由于具有高效、低耗和产水水质高等优点，已成为现阶段解决水资源短缺的有效手段。进一步提高RO膜的选择透过性能有利于降低产水成本和提高产水质量，因此制备高选择透过性能的RO膜一直是膜领域研究的重点。从优化界面聚合工艺、优化基膜及开发新型制膜工艺三方面对近年来改善RO膜选择透过性能的研究进行了综述。通过优化界面聚合工艺和开发新型制膜工艺可以直接改变分离层的结构和性质，通过调节基膜的孔径、孔隙率及亲疏水性可以影响分离层的结构，从而改善RO膜的性能。最后对制备高选择透过性能的反渗透膜的研究方向与发展前景进行了总结与展望。     

抗污染芳香聚酰胺反渗透膜研究进展

聚酰胺反渗透膜具有选择透过性高、化学稳定性好等优点，在水处理领域应用广泛。但膜污染导致的通量下降、寿命降低等问题严重制约了其发展与应用，开发抗污染反渗透膜是缓解膜污染的重要手段。本文根据抗污染膜作用机理将抗污染反渗透膜分为抗黏附型、污染驱除型和杀菌型，综述了近年来相关方面的研究成果，并对合理组合多种机制制备抗污染反渗透膜的进展进行简要概括，最后对抗污染反渗透膜的发展前景进行了展望。     

一种引入CO2选择性吸附硅纳米颗粒提高固定载体膜性能的方法（英文）

Fixed carrier membrane exhibits attractive CO2 permeance and selectivity due to its transport mecha-nism of reaction selectivity (facilitated transport). However, its performance needs improvement to meet cost targets for CO2 capture. This study attempts to develop membranes with multiple permselective mechanisms in order to enhance CO2 separation performance of fixed carrier membrane. In this study, a novel membrane with multiple permselective mechanisms of solubility selectivity and reaction selectivity was developed by incorporating CO2-selective adsorptive silica nanoparticles in situ into the tertiary amine containing polyamide membrane formed by interfacial polymerization (IP). Various techniques were employed to characterize the polyamide and polyam-ide-silica composite membranes. The TGA result shows that nanocomposite membranes exhibit superior thermal stability than pure polyamide membranes. In addition, gas permeation experiments show that both nanocomposite membranes have larger CO2 permeance than pure polyamide membranes. The enhanced CO2/N2 separation per-formance for nanocomposite membranes is mainly due to the thin film thickness, and multiple permselective mechanisms of solubility selectivity and reaction selectivity.     

氨改性的介孔二氧化硅的直接合成和CO2吸附

Amine-functionalized mesoporous silica was prepared by using lauric acid and N-stearoyl-l-glutamic acid as structure directing agents via the SN+-I mechanism and applied to CO2 adsorption at room temperature. With γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as co-structure directing agent and due to the direct electrostatic interaction with anionic surfactant, most of the amino groups were uniformly distributed at the inner surface of pores and the performance was stable. The amine-functionalized mesoporous silica was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption and thermogravimetric analysis. The CO2 adsorption capacity was measured by digital recording balance. At the room temperature and under the atmospheric pres-sure, the adsorption capacity of LAA-AMS-0.2 for CO2 and N2 is 1.40 mmol•g1 and 0.03 mmol•g1, respectively, indicating high separation coefficient of CO2/N2.     

酸性介质金属缓蚀剂的合成及其缓蚀机理的研究

以醛、酮、胺为原料合成酸性介质缓蚀剂KA—01.应用失重法和电化学方法评价其缓蚀性能,并对该产物的缓蚀机理、缓蚀类型和协同效应进行探讨.     

电解析氢过程中聚吡咯修饰电极的行为

1 INTRODUCTION Hydrogen evolution reaction is an important reaction to produce high purity hydrogen for use in applications such as fertilizers (synthesis of ammonia),food (hydrogenation of fats and oils),petrochemical industry(hydrocracking of petroleum), metallurgical industry (reducing agent in the metallurgical and semiconductors industries) and alkaline production. The main operating cost of the process is the cost of electricity.     

硒纳米线的制备

溶液温度的变化、静置温度、溶剂的选择对硒(Se)纳米线的形成有重要的影响。Se溶液温度的降低是Se晶核生成的原因,Se溶液温度降低,Se过饱和析出,均相形成Se晶核。Se溶液温度降低的幅度也影响着Se晶核的生成,冷却水的温度小于40℃时,有利于Se晶核的生成。静置温度对Se纳米线的生长过程有显著的影响,研究发现,静置温度高于60℃时,不利于Se晶核生长成Se纳米线。溶剂对Se纳米线的影响更为明显,结果表明,水是Se纳米线液相生长的良好溶剂,乙醇溶剂不利于Se纳米线的生长。     

聚砜/聚苯胺-嵌段式聚醚Pluronic F127复合超滤膜的制备及性能

选用具有不同改性机理的嵌段式聚醚Pluronic F127与聚苯胺(PANI)纳米纤维共同作为添加剂共混改性聚砜(PSf)超滤膜,利用浸没沉淀相转化法制备出PSf/PANI-F127复合超滤膜。考察、比较并分析两种改性材料同时存在对膜结构和膜性能的影响。膜结构通过傅里叶衰减全反射红外(ATR-FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和接触角等测试表征。膜性能通过纯水通量、截留率、抗污染性能以及添加剂稳定性结果进行评价。实验结果表明,Pluronic F127的加入可以更有效地提高膜表面亲水性,而PANI纳米纤维的加入则可以使膜孔隙率增大、表面孔径尺寸降低、皮层变薄。实验进一步发现,两种添加剂在改善膜结构与性能上起协同作用。PANI-F127一方面提高了膜纯水通量与抗污染性能,另一方面克服了单独使用Pluronic F127时添加量大、截留率低、添加剂易流失的缺点。     

聚合物-金属有机框架材料的研究进展

金属有机框架（MOFs）因其大孔隙率、高比表面积和规则可调的孔径结构等优势受到了广泛关注,然而该材料较差的热塑性和力学性能限制了其可加工性,不利于大规模工业应用。为解决此问题,研究者们将聚合物作为多孔材料的一部分,通过直接或间接的方法合成了一种三维且高度多孔的材料——聚合物-金属有机框架（polymer-metal-organic frameworks, polyMOFs）。此材料兼具MOFs出色的性能与聚合物的可加工性,在气体分离、生物医用和催化等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了polyMOFs的三种合成方法,包括合成后聚合、单晶到单晶转换和直接合成法,介绍了三种方法的特点与不足,并展望了未来polyMOFs的发展方向。