Application of the Link Management Protocol to Discovery and Forwarding Adjacencies

The link management protocol (LMP) is used to maintain control channel connectivity, to verify the physical connectivity of data channels, to correlate link property information at both endpoints of a data link and to aggregate multiple data links into a single traffic engineering (TE) link. LMP also provides assistance in fault localization, both in opaque and transparent optical networks. In this paper, we show how LMP relates to the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) suite of protocols and integrates into a distributed GMPLS control plane. We describe the role of LMP in two applications: data link (auto-)discovery and the establishment of forwarding adjacency label-switched paths (FA-LSPs) including their initiation, verification and bundling, and conclude that they can be built upon basic functions of LMP, namely control channel management, link verification and link property correlation.     

MOMENTS OF CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS IN SYSTEMS WITH SELECTIVE CRYSTAL REMOVAL OR SIZE DEPENDENT CRYSTAL GROWTH

Mathematical expressions that allow direct determination of moments of crystal size distributions and related quantities from kinetic parameters are derived. These expressions are developed for cases of size independent and size dependent crystal growth kinetics, or selective removal of fines and/or course product. Models used to describe size dependent growth and selective crystal removal are the Abegg, Stevens and Larson (1968) and the Randolph and Larson (1971) R-z crystallizer models, respectively. The derived equations can be used to evaluate moments and other characteristic properties of a distribution without lengthy and often inaccurate numerical integrations. This capability is particularly useful in on-line analysis of crystal size distributions and crystallizer performance.     

Application des chaines de Markov au calcul des densités spectrales de puissance de messages binaires

Considering the properties of ergodic Markov chains, the author determines the general expression for the power spectrum of digital signals. This calculation is applied to transmission codes used in optical fiber communications: Miller and biphase. Then he examines the possibility of deriving the clock signal from the pulse sequence.     

Tapping sensitivity to processing in short-term memory.

Examined the interference between finger tapping and searching in short-term memory (STM). 20 Ss (mean age 22.4 yrs) memorized a set of digits and then executed a series of 17 taps separated by 2 sec subjective time intervals. During each interval, a probe was presented for comparison with the items in the memory set. The amount of processing in STM was varied from series to series by manipulating the number of items in the memory set. Results show that mean duration and variability of intertap intervals increased proportionally with memory set size. This effect is explained as interference between STM processing and the timing component of the tapping performance. The authors suggest that tapping sensitivity to memory load indicates that, under some conditions, variations in tapping performance are valid indicators of STM processing requirements of a concurrent primary task. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stress measurements of fibers and preforms

The authors point out the formation mechanism of axial stress, describes the method and the apparatus used for measurements, and presents the results obtained during a study of loss reduction on trapezoidal core 1.55-μm dispersion-shifted fibers manufactured by the MCVD technique. It is concluded that the stress measurements on fiber are less accurate than those on preform (experimental dispersion reaches 15% instead of 5%). The various observations made from measurements on preform show that the axial stress is related to the index profile and that the core axial stress increases with the GeO₂ content. The measurements performed on fiber show that the level of stress is linearly dependent on the drawing tension and that the stress profile is related to the glass-transition temperature of the different materials. Furthermore, this method of stress measurement is complementary to the more standard index profile measurement on fiber or on preform     

Women's midlife health. Reframing menopause

In primary care and gynecologic settings, midwives will manage the care of women during the perimenopause transition as well as throughout the postmenopausal period. As such, they will need to understand the issues that are at the heart of the debate regarding menopause and aging. This article reviews the endocrinology of menopause, the history of menopause treatment in this century, and the various physical, psychological, and role changes that accompany the developmental processes of menopause. Bleeding pattern changes, hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and genital, skin, and weight changes are discussed. Sexuality, breast, cardiovascular, skeletal, as well as hormone therapy issues are examined. The basics of the midlife health office visit are included.     

Reflections on a deflection: A note on different causes of the Groos droop

In this paper different aspects that cause the so-called Groos droop, are investigated. We start from pure Bradfordian data (i.e. without a Groos droop) and discuss what actions can cause a deflection on the Bradford-Leimkuhler curve. It is, of course, well-known, that incompleteness of the data is one aspect, but we show that taking unions of pure Bradfordian bibliographies can also yield a bibliography with a Groos droop. As such, a Groos droop can always be expected in interdisciplinary bibliographies.In this way we suggest an explanation for the experimental differences between the micro-and macro-curves obtained byBonitz andSchmidt (Scientometrics, 4 (1982) 283.). In conclusion we may say that the Groos droop can be explained through Bradford's law and hence that they do not contradict each other.     

Data envelopment analysis as a tool for constructing scientometric indicators

It is shown that Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ca be used to construct relative scientific and technological indicators. The method is explained and illustrated using countries as objects of study; GDP, active population and R&D expenditure as inputs, and publications and patents as outputs. Using these parameters the efficiency of countries is assessed.