ENIG的耐蚀性：一种改进的浸金工艺

为了了解ENIG化学变化对浸金耐蚀性的形响,探讨了浸金电镀溶液的pH值和化学性质与结果所得到的浸金层的耐蚀性之间的关系。     

Effects and generalizability of communally oriented HIV-AIDS prevention versus general health promotion groups for single, inner-city women in urban clinics.

A primary prevention, behavioral intervention designed to reduce HIV risk behavior was tested in a randomized, controlled trial with single, inner-city women. A total of 935 women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: a small group, 6-session communally oriented HIV prevention intervention; a yoked general health promotion intervention control; or a standard care control. Both interventions involved the interactive use of videotapes by live group leaders. The HIV prevention intervention, in particular, resulted in significant positive effects on self-reported and behaviorally assessed safer-sex behavior. Women in the HIV prevention group showed reduced point prevalences of medically tested sexually transmitted diseases at follow-up in some comparisons. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation of DYSLEXPERT: A comparison of a knowledge-based system with experienced clinicians in the diagnosis of dyslexia

DYSLEXPERT is a knowledge-based system designed to support clinicians in the diagnosis of dyslexia. The system answers four questions that usually have to be addressed by human clinicians: Which areas of psychological functioning appear to be problematic? What tests would provide the relevant information? Are we actually dealing with dyslexia? How can the reading and spelling problems best be alleviated? In the present paper, we compare the competence of the program to the performance of four experienced diagnosticians on 20 cases of dyslexia and 20 cases of nondyslexia.The evaluation of the competence of DYSLEXPERT was based on three sets of data: the original case work, a reanalysis of the cases, and the results produced by DYSLEXPERT. The agreement between human and computer performance was measured using Cohen's kappa and Dice's measure of specific agreement. Statistical testing revealed the agreement between DYSLEXPERT and the reanalysis to be similar to the agreement between the original case work and the reanalysis.     

Conformational changes of Mal d 2, a thaumatin-like apple allergen,induced by food processing

Mal d 2, a thaumatin-like protein from apple was previously described to react to almost 75% of the apple allergic patient sera. Based on the molecular structure of this protein, the present study focused on the conformational stability of Mal d 2 in relation to in vitro IgE-binding under different physico-chemical conditions and proteolysis. The structural integrity of Mal d 2 was monitored using SDS–PAGE, Western blotting using polyclonal antibodies and human sera, fluorescence spectrometry and circular dichroism. Results confirmed the stability of Mal d 2. However, Mal d 2 was reactive to human serum IgEs mainly after reduction of disulphide bridges fixing the α-helical domain II. Contrary to previous assumptions, the current findings suggest that the allergenic epitopes of Mal d 2 are hidden inside the protein structure and none of the rigorous conditions applied in industrial juice processing or digestive proteolysis enhance or reduce the binding to IgE molecules.     

Safer sex knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of inner-city women.

Sexual behavior, knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention, perceived risk of AIDS, and safer sex behavior were studied in a sample of 289 single, pregnant, inner-city women. African-American and European-American women were equally represented. Women had poor AIDS knowledge. Sexual behavior placed women at risk for HIV infection due to the lack of condom or spermicide use. Women did not perceive themselves at risk for the AIDS virus, although they did recognize that heterosexuals were at risk. Their lack of risk perception was partly based on their having a single sexual partner. They did not regard their partner's current or past behavior as placing them at risk. Recommendations for intervention and cultural differences are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Self-presentation dynamics on overt integrity tests: Experimental studies of the Reid Report.

Three experiments examined impression-management responses to the Reid Report Integrity Attitude Inventory. Ss encouraged to score high on the honesty test attained higher scores than a control group, but no higher than a group of job applicants. Study 2 offered money for high scores, and provided information to use concerning the 1st, 2nd, or both factors of the Reid Report. Ss in the 3 information conditions scored higher than those in a control condition, but again were no higher than job applicants. In a 3rd study, Ss were asked to respond to the Reid Report and to several other measures as if they seriously wanted a job. After the test, each subject was overpaid for the participation. Reid Report scores were significantly correlated with returning vs retaining the money. These results suggest that integrity tests possess predictive validity despite some impression-management response distortion. Relations with other personality measures also are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Determination of total nitrogen and cyanide nitrogen in cassava

Heating of intact cassava leaves causes liberation of hydrogen cyanide. This phenomenon appears to be caused by β-glucosidase-catalysed decomposition of the cyanogenic glycosides linamarin and lotaustralin. Because of these losses, many previously determined values for total nitrogen in cassava (and other cyanogenic plants) are probably in error as plant materials used for Kjeldahl determinations are often dried at 70–90°C. Liberation of cyanide from intact cassava leaves by heating at 80°C is more complete than liberation by the homogenisation methods commonly used. Homogenisation of cassava leaf tissues with liquid nitrogen or dry ice gives somewhat lower values, and these materials are often not readily available in areas where cassava is studied. The basis of a relatively simple procedure for the isolation of hydrogen cyanide from cassava leaves is suggested.     

A rose by any other name . . . : Labelling bias and attitudes toward behavior modification.

Investigated the effect of presentation labels upon Ss' evaluation of behavior modification in 2 experiments with a total of 194 college students. In Exp I, 2 groups of undergraduates were shown identical videotapes of a teacher using reinforcement methods. In the 1st group the videotape was described as illustrative of "behavior modification," whereas the tape was labeled as "humanistic education" in the 2nd group. A questionnaire that required the Ss to evaluate the teacher and the lesson was then administered. Identical procedures were repeated in Exp II, which studied graduate students. For both samples, when the events on the videotape were described as illustrative of humanistic education, (a) the teacher received significantly more favorable ratings and (b) the teaching method was seen as significantly more likely to promote academic learning and emotional growth. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The impact of daily stress on health and mood: Psychological and social resources as mediators.

This study examined daily stress processes among 75 married couples across 20 assessments during a 6-month period. The somatic and psychological effects of common everyday hassles were investigated. Overall, there was a significant relationship between daily stress and the occurrence of both concurrent and subsequent health problems such as flu, sore throat, headaches, and backaches. The relationship of daily stress to mood disturbance was more complex. The negative effects of stress on mood were limited to a single day, with the following day characterized by mood scores that were better than usual. Furthermore, striking individual differences were found in the extent to which daily stress was associated with health and mood across time. Participants with unsupportive social relationships and low self-esteem were more likely to experience an increase in psychological and somatic problems both on and following stressful days than were participants high in self-esteem and social support. These data suggest that persons with low psychosocial resources are vulnerable to illness and mood disturbance when their stress levels increase, even if they generally have little stress in their lives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)