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101.
Nutrient content of whole cottonseed 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Bertrand JA Sudduth TQ Condon A Jenkins TC Calhoun MC 《Journal of dairy science》2005,88(4):1470-1477
The objective of this study was to determine if the nutrient and gossypol contents and in vitro digestibility of 3 types of genetically modified whole cottonseed differed from traditional whole cottonseed. Samples of seed from traditional (no genetic modifications) and genetically modified varieties of cotton grown in 1999 and 2000 were analyzed. Genetic modifications included the insertion of genes to protect cotton from insect pests (Bt), and damage from glyphosate herbicides (RR), and from both (Bt/RR). Year effects were significant for in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility, gossypol, DM, crude protein (CP), fat, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ash. Higher rainfall resulted in higher CP, fat, and ash and lower NDF and gossypol. There were no differences among seed types for ground or whole seed digestibility, DM, CP, fat, NDF, ADF, ash, lignin, net energy for lactation, amino acids, total fatty acids, or seed index. Overall, the nutrient content and digestibility of varieties of genetically modified seed were similar to that of varieties of traditional whole cottonseed. 相似文献
102.
With the growth of urban areas and climate change, decisions need to be taken to improve water management. This paper reports an assessment of the impact of greywater recycling systems on catchment scale hydrological flows. A simulation model developed in InfoWorks CS (Wallingford Software Ltd) was used to evaluate how river flows, sewer flows, surface runoff and flooding events may be influenced when grey water recycling systems of different number and scale are implemented in a representative catchment. The simulations show the effectiveness of greywater recycling systems in reducing total wastewater volume and flood volume. However, no hydraulic impacts due to implementation of greywater was identified by the model. 相似文献
103.
104.
This personal account summarizes our work, beginning with the discovery of the first stable carbene in 1988 up until the recent isolation of mesoionic carbenes. It explains why we have moved our focus from acyclic to cyclic carbenes, and shows that these stable species are not limited to the role of ligand for transition metals, but that they are also powerful agents for the activation of small molecules, and for the stabilization of highly reactive diamagnetic and paramagnetic species. 相似文献
105.
Inter-block backtracking (IBB) computes all the solutions of sparse systems of nonlinear equations over the reals. This algorithm, introduced by Bliek
et al. (1998) handles a system of equations previously decomposed into a set of (small) k ×k sub-systems, called blocks. Partial solutions are computed in the different blocks in a certain order and combined together
to obtain the set of global solutions. When solutions inside blocks are computed with interval-based techniques, IBB can be viewed as a new interval-based algorithm for solving decomposed systems of nonlinear equations. Previous implementations
used Ilog Solver and its IlcInterval library as a black box, which implied several strong limitations. New versions come from the integration of IBB with the interval-based library Ibex. IBB is now reliable (no solution is lost) while still gaining at least one order of magnitude w.r.t. solving the entire system.
On a sample of benchmarks, we have compared several variants of IBB that differ in the way the contraction/filtering is performed inside blocks and is shared between blocks. We have observed that the use of interval Newton inside blocks has the most positive impact on the robustness and
performance of IBB. This modifies the influence of other features, such as intelligent backtracking. Also, an incremental variant of inter-block
filtering makes this feature more often fruitful. 相似文献
106.
107.
S. Bernard M. Comte F. Azaïs Y. Bertrand M. Renovell 《Journal of Electronic Testing》2004,20(3):257-267
Testing of Analog-to-Digital Converters is classically composed of two successive and independent phases: the histogram-based test technique evaluating static specifications and the spectral analysis technique evaluating the dynamic performances. Consequently, the fundamental objective here is to investigate the feasibility of an alternative test flow involving exclusively spectral analysis to replace these two time consuming and expensive phases. The viability of this solution depends on the ability of spectral analysis to detect static specifications. In this context, this paper presents a new methodology based on a statistical approach to quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of detecting static errors from dynamic parameter measurements. This methodology has been implemented in an in-house automatic tool allowing one to process any ADC specifications. It is then possible to choose a priori the best test flow for a given application. 相似文献
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109.
Muriel J. Wagner Michel Loubat Alain Sommier Dominique Le Ray Guylaine Collewet Bertrand Broyart Honoré Quintard Armel Davenel Gilles Trystram & Tiphaine Lucas 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2008,43(6):1129-1139
An oven dedicated to a magnetic resonance imager (MRI) was designed and constructed for continuous monitoring of the entire baking process. The general aim was to test whether response variables conventionally measured on bread loaves, such as temperature, density, and water loss, were consistent with those reported for similar products baked in classical convection ovens. MRI images acquired during baking are presented and discussed, emphasising the need to develop quantitative MRI methods allowing conversion of the MRI signal into one variable of interest, such as local density or local water content. 相似文献
110.
An accelerated water-streaming test method was used to evaluate several types of façade coatings regarding their behaviour to colonisation by algae and cyanobacteria, by closely reproducing the phenomenon of natural biological soiling. A set of materials with defined physical characteristics was thus investigated vs. the colonisation by algal and cyanobacterial strains isolated from natural façade biofilms. Porosity and roughness of the materials showed to be factors of influence in the establishment of those micro-organisms. 相似文献