On a class of damped Morozov principles

A class of dampled Morozov principles is introduced to determine the regularization parameter for the least squares formulation of nonlinear illposed inverse problems. Their asymptotic behavior as the error level in the data converges to zero is studied and a numerical examples is given which shows that a damped Morozov principlecan be superior to the Morozov principle.     

On the structure of Lagrange multipliers for state-constrained optimal control problems

State constrained optimal control problems represent severe analytical and numerical challenges. It is shown that under certain conditions on the active set the measure representing the Lagrange multiplier associated to the state constraint can be decomposed in a distributed part in L² with support on the active set and a boundary measure concentrated on the interface between active and inactive sets.     

Computing Fibers: A Novel Fiber for Intelligent Fabrics?

This communication describes a possible path for transition from a wearable computer to a fiber computer in which digital processing power is integrated directly into textiles via circuits on individual fibers. Three different classes of computing fiber substrate (active, passive, and intermediate) are discussed and some technologies for their manufacture are reviewed. It is shown here that with two of these techniques it is possible to develop new substrates for the semiconductor industry. Using an silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) process, polycrystalline silicon fibers with a length of 42 mm have been successfully produced at NMRC in Ireland. These fibers are 35 μm wide and 1 μm thick. Silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) endless fibers (subsequently cut in to 20 cm lengths) have also been produced by extrusion. After sintering, this method yielded polycrystalline SiC fibers and pure amorphous SiO₂ glass fibers. For many future applications, fiber computing appears to be a possible key to success. The computing power offered by such fibers may be combined with additional in‐ and output functions by weaving fiber‐based sensors and piezoelectric materials into textiles.     

Semi-smooth Newton methods for state-constrained optimal control problems

A regularized optimality system for state-constrained optimal control problems is introduced and semi-smooth Newton methods for its solution are analyzed. Convergence of the regularized problems is proved. Numerical tests confirm the theoretical results and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology.     

A versatile framework for a narrow- and wide-band statisticalpropagation model for the LMS channel

In this paper a framework for the development of a versatile statistical land mobile satellite (LMS) channel model, both narrow- and wide-band, is presented. First, a review is made of the different model elements that can be described statistically. Another specification set for the development of a comprehensive statistical model is that some physical/geometrical information should be included in spite of its fully statistical nature. The model shall be valid for applications such as communications, broadcast, navigation, etc., also it must consider different orbit types, and frequency bands. This paper summarises some of the activities to be carried out under ESA (European Space Agency) Contract No 12409/97/NL/NB for the development of a “Statistical Model for the LMS Channel”     

Flat-field spectrograph in SiO2/Si

The operation of a flat-field spectrograph in silica glass on silicon (SiO₂/Si) as a demultiplexer with 4-nm channel spacing in the 1.5-μm waveguide length region is demonstrated. The concept allows fabrication tolerances to be compensated simultaneously with the adjustment of fan-out. Fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 10.1 dB and crosstalk attenuation >15 dB have been achieved     

Biased Language Use in Stereotype Maintenance: The Role of Encoding and Goals.

In 4 studies, the authors investigated the relative impact of biased encoding of information and communication goals on biased language use. A category label (linguistic expectancy bias, Study 1) or a group label (linguistic intergroup bias, Study 2) was presented either before or after a story that participants were asked to communicate. Biased language use only emerged when participants learned about the group membership of the actor or the category label before hearing the story. However, communication goals had an effect on language use at the retrieval stage, independent of encoding (Studies 3 and 4). Although communication goal effects seemed to overwhelm encoding effects, encoding still influenced language use under externally imposed time pressure (Study 3) and self-imposed time constraints (Study 4). This research reaffirms the importance of both cognitive and communicative processes in stereotype maintenance and highlights the conditions under which they each operate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transalkylation of biphenyl over zeolites: Optimizing the reaction conditions and kinetic modeling

The shape-selective transalkylation of biphenyl with pentamethylbenzene over ultrastable Y-faujasites to produce para-methylated biphenyls was studied in the liquid slurry phase. The reaction was carried out in a discontinuously operated stainless steel autoclave using n-heptane as the solvent with a temperature range of 513 to 533 K and a pressure of 3 MPa. As for the progress of the reaction the presence of strong Brønsted acid sites was essential, an ultrastable faujasite treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid having a high content of those sites was used as the catalyst. Thus, a yield of the target product 4,4′-dimethylbiphenyl of above 11% referring to biphenyl could be achieved. The effect of the operating conditions on the formation of the target product was investigated. The decisive influence was acted out by the molar ratio of biphenyl to alkylating agent, in so far as a surplus of pentamethylbenzene of 7:1 referring to biphenyl enhanced the yield of the target product to 14%. The kinetics of the reaction could be successfully descibed with a lumped reaction scheme, introducing pseudo components, summarizing structural isomers, and pseudo reactions, such as the formation of coke.     

Evaluation of Histamine and Other Biogenic Amines and Bacterial Isolation in Canned Anchovies Recalled by the USFDA

ABSTRACT: Histamine and other biogenic amines were evaluated in canned anchovies recalled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In addition, bacteria were isolated from the products and identified to species. The recalled products were divided into 2 groups of high and low histamine, depending on the histamine contents as determined by the AOAC method. The high histamine group had the histamine contents >200 ppm, and 24 of the 30 cans analyzed belonged to this group. The most prevalent biogenic amine in this group was histamine followed by cadaverine. On the other hand, the low histamine group of 6 cans contained approximately 50 ppm histamine. The most prevalent biogenic amine found in this group of samples was cadaverine at levels >200 ppm. Other biogenic amines, such as putrescine, serotonin, and spermidine, were also detected in all the products, although at varied levels. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts, if present in all of the recalled products, were below the detection limit of 10² colony-forming units (CFU)/g. Bacteria were recovered only after enrichment of the test samples. They were mostly halophilic bacteria. Bacillus spp. were most frequently identified, followed by Staphylococcus spp. However, these isolates produced negligible amounts of histamine in culture broth, indicating that they are not the contributors to histamine accumulation in the canned anchovies.