Rundschau

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Rundschau

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The Energy Concept Adviser—A tool to improve energy efficiency in educational buildings

Educational buildings such as kindergartens, schools and universities display many similar design, operation and maintenance features in most countries. The two most noteworthy similarities amongst these building types are the high energy consumption and the necessity for retrofitting many buildings within this sector. However, studies have shown that during retrofit, energy saving measures are only rarely applied, because the decision-makers lack knowledge of investments and the efficiency of potential energy saving measures. The main goal of the International Energy Agency ECBCS Annex 36 is to provide the educational building decision-makers with sufficient data, information and tools to improve their learning and teaching environments by improving the energy efficiency of their buildings.     

Rundschau

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Polylactide (PLA)—a new way of production

Poly(lactide) (PLA), a biodegradable aliphatic polyester with excellent properties for different polymer applications, has been used mostly in the biomedical field, mainly because of its high price, resulting from expensive polymerization and purification techniques. Although this polymer can play a major role in future markets for biodegradable polymers, the current high price has to be reduced significantly to at least $4 US/kg. Therefore, this paper aims to partially review the polymerization techniques traditionally used in PLA synthesis and to propose new developments that enable us to produce these polymers by an innovative process for just a portion of the costs traditionally charged, using reactive extrusion techniques in a closely intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder. This paper gives an overview of attainable mechanical properties and future markets.     

Milestones and Highlights in the Design and Use of Pulsed Magnets

The development and use of pulsed magnets is reviewed, tracing it back to the beginning 85 years ago: the original work of P. Kapitsa with his great optimism and cheerful acceptance of coil explosions, and the first use of a capacitor bank by T.F. Wall in the same period. Later milestones were the introduction of a new type of strong “micro-composite” wire by S. Foner in 1986, boosting the field level to 68 T, and subsequently the development of coils with optimised internal reinforcement by fibre composites at K.U. Leuven. Recent highlights are the establishment of very large dedicated pulsed field laboratories, notably at Los Alamos (NHMFL) with a flywheel-generator and at Dresden (HLD) with a 50 MJ capacitor bank, both in pursuit of developing a 100 T user magnet. Finally, destructive techniques beyond 100 T are reviewed.     

Cyclopentadienyl molybdenum complexes grafted on zeolites – synthesis and catalytic application

η⁵-CpMo(CO)₃Cl is grafted on H-zeolite-ß (H-ß) and H-zeolite-Y (H-Y) by the reaction of acidic protons with chloro-ligand. The XRD pattern of the zeolites after grafting remains intact and there is no additional peak obtained, indicating the absence of Mo oxide cluster formation during the grafting process. The successful grafting of intact CpMo(CO)₃ moieties is evidenced by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Elemental analysis further reveals that H-Y zeolite shows higher Mo complex loading. The obtained heterogeneous materials are found to be efficient and recyclable catalysts for olefin epoxidation.     

Bax- and Bak-induced cell death in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The dental profession faces educational, scientific, and ethical challenges in orofacial pain and headache. Past educational deficiencies are being addressed with guidance and recommendations from the AADS, the ADA, and the AAOP. With education and further research, many dental ethical questions in TMD will be resolved. The educational process must continue with a solid foundation in scientific basis provided in university settings. The appropriate use of TMD diagnostic machines, treatment modalities, and management of perpetuating factors such as sleep will evolve with the new knowledge of scientific discovery. These are some of the many challenges of orofacial pain and headache disorders that warrant special consideration.