全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3348篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 4篇 |
化学工业 | 114篇 |
金属工艺 | 38篇 |
机械仪表 | 13篇 |
建筑科学 | 12篇 |
矿业工程 | 2篇 |
能源动力 | 12篇 |
轻工业 | 62篇 |
水利工程 | 4篇 |
石油天然气 | 6篇 |
无线电 | 34篇 |
一般工业技术 | 140篇 |
冶金工业 | 2847篇 |
原子能技术 | 2篇 |
自动化技术 | 69篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 23篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 101篇 |
1998年 | 832篇 |
1997年 | 479篇 |
1996年 | 314篇 |
1995年 | 172篇 |
1994年 | 157篇 |
1993年 | 190篇 |
1992年 | 30篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 53篇 |
1989年 | 51篇 |
1988年 | 54篇 |
1987年 | 41篇 |
1986年 | 30篇 |
1985年 | 30篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 75篇 |
1976年 | 192篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有3359条查询结果,搜索用时 812 毫秒
101.
JB Bender S Sreevatsan RA Robinson D Otterby 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,80(11):3064-3067
As part of a total mixed ration, two rumen-fistulated dairy cows were fed meat and bone meal that had been artificially contaminated with Salmonella spp. Samples from the rumen, feces, and milk were taken 3 d/wk and cultured for salmonella. Rectal temperatures and rumen pH were also measured at the time of sample collection. Over the 2-mo study, salmonella were intermittently recovered from rumen contents, from feces, and from necropsy specimens of rumen contents, cecal contents, and mesenteric lymph nodes. No excretion of salmonella in milk was detected. An elevated rumen pH was associated with increased isolation of salmonella. No clinical illness was observed for either cow. Meat and bone meal that has been contaminated with low concentrations of salmonella is unlikely to result in clinical illness in healthy adult lactating cows. However, dairy producers should continue to be concerned about feed biosecurity and water contamination of animal by-products to prevent and control contamination by salmonella. 相似文献
102.
Olga V. Balberova Evgeny V. Bykov Natalia A. Shnayder Marina M. Petrova Oksana A. Gavrilyuk Daria S. Kaskaeva Irina A. Soloveva Kirill V. Petrov Elena Y. Mozheyko German V. Medvedev Regina F. Nasyrova 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(12)
Regular physical activity in cyclic sports can influence the so-called “angiogenic switch”, which is considered as an imbalance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules. Disruption of the synthesis of angiogenic molecules can be caused by local changes in tissues under the influence of excessive physical exertion and its consequences, such as chronic oxidative stress and associated hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, sports injuries, etc. A review of publications on signaling pathways that activate and inhibit angiogenesis in skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue under the influence of intense physical activity in cyclic sports. Materials: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Clinical keys, and e-LIBRARY databases for full-text articles published from 2000 to 2020, using keywords and their combinations. Results: An important aspect of adaptation to training loads in cyclic sports is an increase in the number of capillaries in muscle fibers, which improves the metabolism of skeletal muscles and myocardium, as well as nervous and lung tissue. Recent studies have shown that myocardial endothelial cells not only respond to hemodynamic forces and paracrine signals from neighboring cells, but also take an active part in heart remodeling processes, stimulating the growth and contractility of cardiomyocytes or the production of extracellular matrix proteins in myofibroblasts. As myocardial vascularization plays a central role in the transition from adaptive heart hypertrophy to heart failure, further study of the signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in the myocardium is important in sports practice. The study of the “angiogenic switch” problem in the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems allows us to claim that the formation of new vessels is mediated by a complex interaction of all growth factors. Although the lungs are one of the limiting systems of the body in cyclic sports, their response to high-intensity loads and other environmental stresses is often overlooked. Airway epithelial cells are the predominant source of several growth factors throughout lung organogenesis and appear to be critical for normal alveolarization, rapid alveolar proliferation, and normal vascular development. There are many controversial questions about the role of growth factors in the physiology and pathology of the lungs. The presented review has demonstrated that when doing sports, it is necessary to give a careful consideration to the possible positive and negative effects of growth factors on muscles, myocardium, lung tissue, and brain. Primarily, the “angiogenic switch” is important in aerobic sports (long distance running). Conclusions: Angiogenesis is a physiological process of the formation of new blood capillaries, which play an important role in the functioning of skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue in athletes. Violation of the “angiogenic switch” as a balance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules can lead to a decrease in the functional resources of the nervous, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems in athletes and, as a consequence, to a decrease in sports performance. 相似文献
103.
Watkins SM Lin TY Davis RM Ching JR DePeters EJ Halpern GM Walzem RL German JB 《Lipids》2001,36(3):247-254
Diet and fatty acid metabolism interact in yet unknown ways to modulate membrane fatty acid composition and certain cellular
functions. For example, dietary precursors or metabolic products of n-3 fatty acid metabolism differ in their ability to modify
specific membrane components. In the present study, the effect of dietary 22∶6n−3 or its metabolic precursor, 18∶3n−3, on
the selective accumulation of 22∶6n−3 by heart was investigated. The mass and fatty acid compositions of individual phospholipids
(PL) in heart and liver were quantified in mice fed either 22∶6n−3 (from crocodile oil) or 18∶3n−3 (from soybean oil) for
13 wk. This study was conducted to determine if the selective accumulation of 22∶6n−3 in heart was due to the incorporation
of 22∶6n−3 into cardiolipin (CL), a PL most prevalent in heart and known to accumulate 22∶6n−3. Although heart was significantly
enriched with 22∶6n−3 relative to liver, the accumulation of 22∶6n−3 by CL in heart could not quantitatively account for this
difference. CL from heart did accumulate 22∶6n−3, but only in mice fed preformed 22∶6n−3. Diets rich in non-22∶6n−3 fatty
acids result in a fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in heart that is unusually enriched with 22∶6n−3. In
this study, the mass of PC in heart was positively correlated with the enrichment of 22∶6n−3 into PC. The increased mass of
PC was coincident with a decrease in the mass of phosphatidylethanolamine, suggesting that 22∶6n−3 induced PC synthesis by
increasing phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity in the heart. 相似文献
104.
Grain growth of ZnO in the presence of a liquid phase of the ZnO–BaO system has been studied for temperatures from 1300° to 1400°C. The specimens were treated in boiling water and the grains were separated by dissolving the matrix phase in an ultrasonic bath. As a consequence three-dimensional grain size measurements were possible. Microstructural examination shows some grain coalescence with a wide range of neck size ratios and corresponding dihedral angles, however, most grains are isolated. Lognormal grain size distributions show similar shapes, indicating that the growth mechanism is invariant over this time and temperature. All regressions between G n and time for n = 2 and 3 proved statistically significant. The rate constants calculated with the growth exponent set to n = 3 are on the same order of magnitude as in metallic systems. The apparent activation energy for growth is estimated between 355 and 458 kJ/mol. 相似文献
105.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method, using post-column detection with diphenyl-1-pyrenyl-phosphine (DPPP), was
developed for the quantitative and qualitative determination of isomeric lipid hydroperoxides (OOH). The OOH eluted from a
normal-phase column were passed through a photodiode array detector and then mixed with DPPP solution in a reaction coil heated
at 80°C. DPPP oxide formed by the reaction with OOH was determined by monitoring the fluorescence intensity at 380 nm and
excitation at 352 nm. The conjugated diene OOH (13-cis, trans- and 9-cis, trans-OOH) and nonconjugated OOH (12-cis-trans- and 10-cis, trans-OOH) from photosensitized oxidation of methyl linoleate were determined in a molar ratio of 31∶29∶19∶21, respectively. However,
only the two conjugated hydroperoxides were detected by ultraviolet absorption at 234 nm. Further applications were carried
out for the determination of OOH of methyl oleate and methyl linolenate. This method proved to be useful for the determination
of the OOH containing both conjugated and nonconjugated diene structures. 相似文献
106.
Mello LV; van Aalten DM; Findlay JB 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1997,10(4):381-387
This paper documents the first essential dynamics analysis of ras protein
ligands and of the protein itself, showing important features of their
dynamic properties. Essential dynamics analysis of 300 ps of full solvent
molecular dynamics simulations revealed differences in structure and
dynamics between GDP- and GTP-bound forms of H-ras-p21. Regions in the
protein which exhibited a structural shift correspond to the switch regions
described previously. Differences in dynamics between H-ras-p21 GDP and
H-ras-p21 GTP may be related to interactions of ras with GAP and its
receptor and effector. Molecular dynamics of free GDP (in the absence of
protein) were performed in water for 2 ns and analysed using essential
dynamics. The conformations of GDP and GTP when bound to the protein were
compared with free GDP, revealing that the ligands bind to the protein in
an energetically unfavourable conformation. GDP and GTP molecules from
various other protein crystal structures were also analysed. These ligands
adopt similar conformations to those seen in H-ras-p21.
相似文献
107.
A. Bose B. Moore R. M. German N. S. Stoloff 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》1988,40(9):14-17
Reactive sintering and hot isostatic compaction of mixed elemental powders have been combined to fabricate full density NiAl intermetallic-matrix composites. This process involves the formation of the matrix compound from its elemental constituents through an exothermic reaction. Dispersed ceramic phases inhibit direct consolidation, necessitating superposition of external pressure via hot isostatic compaction to obtain full density. The latter process is termed reactive hot isostatic pressing (RHIP). Because of its flexibility and low cost, this fabrication process merits attention as a means of preparing monolithic compounds and intermetallic-matrix composites. 相似文献
108.
Bram Adams Ryan Kavanagh Ahmed E. Hassan Daniel M. German 《Empirical Software Engineering》2016,21(3):960-1001
Reuse of software components, either closed or open source, is considered to be one of the most important best practices in software engineering, since it reduces development cost and improves software quality. However, since reused components are (by definition) generic, they need to be customized and integrated into a specific system before they can be useful. Since this integration is system-specific, the integration effort is non-negligible and increases maintenance costs, especially if more than one component needs to be integrated. This paper performs an empirical study of multi-component integration in the context of three successful open source distributions (Debian, Ubuntu and FreeBSD). Such distributions integrate thousands of open source components with an operating system kernel to deliver a coherent software product to millions of users worldwide. We empirically identified seven major integration activities performed by the maintainers of these distributions, documented how these activities are being performed by the maintainers, then evaluated and refined the identified activities with input from six maintainers of the three studied distributions. The documented activities provide a common vocabulary for component integration in open source distributions and outline a roadmap for future research on software integration. 相似文献
109.
After all medical and audiological treatments have failed, tinnitus patients often get the advise to "learn to live with it". The aim of psycho-social treatment is assisting patients in the identification of tinnitus aggravating factors and teaching them various coping skills. Treating these problems is primarily recommended for patients suffering from other disorders, even related to tinnitus. Motivation for psycho-social treatment depends on the ability of patients to accept tinnitus as a fundamental fact in their existence. 相似文献
110.
DD Stapleton TC Moffett DG Baskin JB Bassingthwaighte 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,2(3):277-282
OBJECTIVE: Provide regional flow measurement in the hearts of small mammals using a new, higher-resolution technique based on the deposition of a molecular marker. METHODS: We determined the instantaneous extraction and retention of the "molecular microsphere" radiolabeled desmethylimipramine in retrogradely perfused hamster hearts. In a separate series of experiments, autoradiography was used to measure regional myocardial deposition densities in hamster hearts of about 0.5 g with spatial area resolution of 16 x 16 microns. RESULTS: Radiolabeled desmethylimipramine is almost 100% extracted during a single transcapillary passage and is retained in the tissue for many minutes. Autoradiographic images demonstrated a spatial flow heterogeneity with standard deviations of 31 +/- 4% of the mean flow (N = 5) in 16 x 16 x 20-micronm3 voxels. This is equivalent to the projections made using fractal relationships from cruder observations obtained with microspheres in the hearts of baboons, sheep, and rabbits. CONCLUSIONS: Autoradiography using a molecular deposition marker provides quantitative information on myocardial flow heterogeneities with resolution at the size of cardiac myocytes. Because the regions resolved are smaller than the volume of regions supplied by single arterioles, the results must slightly exaggerate the true heterogeneity of regional flows. 相似文献