全文获取类型
收费全文 | 33175篇 |
免费 | 2718篇 |
国内免费 | 1337篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 1674篇 |
技术理论 | 6篇 |
综合类 | 1749篇 |
化学工业 | 5983篇 |
金属工艺 | 1706篇 |
机械仪表 | 1990篇 |
建筑科学 | 2168篇 |
矿业工程 | 790篇 |
能源动力 | 978篇 |
轻工业 | 2460篇 |
水利工程 | 496篇 |
石油天然气 | 1497篇 |
武器工业 | 155篇 |
无线电 | 4473篇 |
一般工业技术 | 4564篇 |
冶金工业 | 2015篇 |
原子能技术 | 362篇 |
自动化技术 | 4164篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 81篇 |
2023年 | 485篇 |
2022年 | 678篇 |
2021年 | 1131篇 |
2020年 | 947篇 |
2019年 | 824篇 |
2018年 | 938篇 |
2017年 | 1015篇 |
2016年 | 1003篇 |
2015年 | 1236篇 |
2014年 | 1650篇 |
2013年 | 2115篇 |
2012年 | 2258篇 |
2011年 | 2475篇 |
2010年 | 1829篇 |
2009年 | 1861篇 |
2008年 | 1831篇 |
2007年 | 1775篇 |
2006年 | 1725篇 |
2005年 | 1434篇 |
2004年 | 1047篇 |
2003年 | 960篇 |
2002年 | 1047篇 |
2001年 | 808篇 |
2000年 | 770篇 |
1999年 | 797篇 |
1998年 | 883篇 |
1997年 | 631篇 |
1996年 | 559篇 |
1995年 | 461篇 |
1994年 | 426篇 |
1993年 | 310篇 |
1992年 | 210篇 |
1991年 | 191篇 |
1990年 | 146篇 |
1989年 | 126篇 |
1988年 | 93篇 |
1987年 | 80篇 |
1986年 | 70篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 46篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 32篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Amun Amri Ahmad Fadli Zhong-Tao Jiang Chun-Yang Yin M. Mahbubur Rahman Hantarto Widjaja Syamsu Herman Silvia Reni Yenti M. Miftahul Munir Gadang Priyotomo M. Iqbal Neni Frimayanti 《Ceramics International》2018,44(13):15274-15280
The copper and cobalt oxides composites coatings on aluminum substrates have been successfully synthesized via sol-gel method using nitrate-based sol precursors. The composites were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometry. The sol-gel reactions were discussed and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was integrated into the study to predict molecules assembly properties. The XRD analyses revealed that the CuO and the Co3O4 composites were formed after the annealing process with the average difference of the calculated lattice parameters compared to ICDDs was 1.17%. The surface electronic structure was mainly consisted of tetrahedral Cu(I), octahedral Cu(II), tetrahedral Co(II), octahedral Co(III) as well as surface, sub-surface and lattice oxygen O?. The XRD, XPS and MD simulation results showed that there was minimal (or possibly non-existing) indication of copper-cobalt mixed phase oxides formations. FESEM and AFM surveys revealed that the coating had a porous surface composed of interlinked nanoparticles in the range of ~?10 to ~?40?nm. UV–Vis–NIR reflectance spectra showed that the sol precursors concentration and the dip-drying cycle significantly influenced the absorptance value with optimum absorptance (α) of 88.7% exhibited by coating synthesized using sol concentration of 0.1?M and 10 dip-drying cycles. High absorptance value and simplicity in the synthesis process render the coatings to be very promising candidates for solar selective absorber (SSA) applications. 相似文献
32.
Zhao Hongliang Lu Tingting Liu Fengqin Yin Pan Wang Sen 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2019,71(5):1643-1649
JOM - The Isa/Ausmelt smelting technology with a top submerged lance (TSL) has been extensively used in copper smelting processes. However, the TSL is extremely vulnerable to damage and failure... 相似文献
33.
Microsystem Technologies - Recently, nonlinear system identification has received increasingly more attention due to its promising applications in engineering fields. It has become a challenging... 相似文献
34.
Risk allocation decisions are of critical importance in project management. The present study proposes an explanation for how risk allocation in a contract motivates a contractor to cooperate with a project owner. Theories of risk allocation and trust were used to motivate the research. Using a survey methodology, we collected data concerning 124 construction projects in China. We found that risk allocation influenced the contractor’s role behavior through the contractor’s feeling of being trusted but not the contractor’s trust in the owner. Feeling of being trusted partially mediated the effect of risk allocation on the contractor’s in-role (i.e., contractual) behavior and fully mediated the effect on extra-role behavior. The study introduces a social and psychological view of the impacts of risk allocation to the project and engineering management literature. We contribute to theory by arguing and demonstrating the mediating effect of trust on the relationship between risk allocation and contractor behavior. From a practical standpoint, we conclude that contractual risk allocation has a significant impact on building a trusting relationship between owners and contractors and that contractors who feel trusted perform both contractually mandated actions and actions external to the contract more diligently, resulting in the likelihood of improved outcomes for both parties. 相似文献
35.
Y. Yin C.K. Erdonmez A. Cabot S. Hughes A.P. Alivisatos 《Advanced functional materials》2006,16(11):1389-1399
Formation of cobalt sulfide hollow nanocrystals through a mechanism similar to the Kirkendall Effect has been investigated in detail. It is found that performing the reaction at > 120 °C leads to fast formation of a single void inside each shell, whereas at room temperature multiple voids are formed within each shell, which can be attributed to strongly temperature‐dependent diffusivities for vacancies. The void formation process is dominated by outward diffusion of cobalt cations; still, the occurrence of significant inward transport of sulfur anions can be inferred as the final voids are smaller in diameter than the original cobalt nanocrystals. Comparison of volume distributions for initial and final nanostructures indicates excess apparent volume in shells, implying significant porosity and/or a defective structure. Indirect evidence for fracture of shells during growth at lower temperatures was observed in shell‐size statistics and transmission electron microscopy images of as‐grown shells. An idealized model of the diffusional process imposes two minimal requirements on material parameters for shell growth to be obtainable within a specific synthetic system. 相似文献
36.
3G与WLAN互连的安全协议和分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着无线互联网的发展,第3代移动通信系统(3G)与无线局域网(WLAN)的互连也成为研究的热点。3G系统的优势在于计费管理、漫游与安全性,WLAN系统的优势在于高带宽和低投资成本。通过3G与WLAN的互连可以实现优势互补。论文介绍了3G与WLAN互连的体系和安全结构,综述了互连的安全协议,分析了互连面临的安全挑战,并指出了现有的安全机制所存在的不足,探讨了下一步研究的方向。 相似文献
37.
Color demosaicing using variance of color differences. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents an adaptive demosaicing algorithm. Missing green samples are first estimated based on the variances of the color differences along different edge directions. The missing red and blue components are then estimated based on the interpolated green plane. This algorithm can effectively preserve the details in texture regions and, at the same time, it can significantly reduce the color artifacts. As compared with the latest demosaicing algorithms, the proposed algorithm produces the best average demosaicing performance both objectively and subjectively. 相似文献
38.
39.
B.‐J. Fang Y.‐J. Shan H.‐Q. Xu H.‐S. Luo Z.‐W. Yin 《Advanced functional materials》2004,14(2):169-173
Pb[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.91Ti0.09]O3 (PZNT91/9) single crystals were grown by two methods: from solution using PbO as a self‐fluxing agent (SC method) and directly from the melt without fluxing (MC method). In both growth methods, an allomeric Pb[(Mg1/3‐Nb2/3)0.69Ti0.31]O3 (PMNT69/31) single crystal was used as a seed. X‐ray diffraction patterns of ground crystals showed that phase‐pure perovskite PZNT91/9 single crystals were successfully fabricated by the above two methods. The composition of the crystals obtained by both the SC and MC methods was analyzed using X‐ray fluorescence, which confirmed that the crystal composition is close to the nominal value, although volatilization of PbO and segregation during crystal growth are inevitable. The MC PZNT91/9 crystals exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties, with the piezoelectric constant, d33, in the range of 1800–2200 pC N–1. This value is comparable to that of the SC crystals. However, the MC crystals show an abnormal dielectric behavior. In contrast with the SC crystals, in the MC crystals a much broader dielectric peak appears in the dielectric response curves, accompanied by a much lower peak temperature of around 105 °C. Furthermore, frequency dispersion is apparent over a much wider temperature range (even more apparent than in pure relaxors), where a large, i.e., about 70 °C, full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the dielectric peaks is observed in the dielectric response. It is speculated that such an unusual phenomenon correlates with defects, microinhomogeneities, and polar regions in the as‐grown MC crystals. The origins of this abnormality have not been interpreted in detail until now. However, optical observation of the domain structure confirms that both the SC and MC crystals possess complex structural states. 相似文献
40.
Previous work has shown that prebreakdown, electrical aging, and breakdown phenomena are directly associated with charge carriers injected from electrical contacts and their subsequent dissociative trapping and recombination. In addition, the energy released from each trapping or recombination event is dissipated in the breaking of the bonds of macromolecules, thus forming free radicals and new traps in the electrically stressed insulating polymers, as predicted by Kao's model. It is this gradual degradation process that leads to electrical aging and destructive breakdown. New experimental results are presented to confirm previous findings and a new approach to inhibit the degradation process by the incorporation of suitable dopants into the polymer. The concentration of free radicals in the polymer increases with an increasing electric field at a fixed stress time of 250 h and with increasing stress time at a fixed electric field of 833 kV cm?1. The concentration of free radicals is directly related to the concentration of new traps created by stress. However, when suitable dopants are incorporated, the initiation voltage for the occurrence of electrical treeing and the breakdown strength are both increased. The dopants tend to create shallow traps and have little effect on the deep trap concentration. This implies that the dopants act as free‐radical scavengers that tend to satisfy the unpaired electrons of the broken bonds, which create new acceptor‐like electron traps and new shallow traps. By doing so, the shallow traps screen the deep traps, thereby reducing the energy released during trapping and recombination and the probability of breaking the macromolecular bonds and causing structural degradation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3416–3425, 2003 相似文献