凝胶色谱法表征我国几种有代表性超滤膜的截留率——分子量曲线

本文考察了凝胶色谱法的操作压力和进料流速的影响。对国内具有代表性的几种平板超滤膜(聚砜、聚砜酰胺、醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯)以及聚砜中空纤维超滤膜的截留率——分子量曲线进行了测定。并给出它们的切割分子量数据。     

植物油制备生物柴油的研究

分别以菜籽油、大豆油以及芸香籽油为原料，采用碱催化酯交换法制备了脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油。结果表明，用碱催化酯交换法制备脂肪酸甲酯，原料的酸价低于1．5mgKOH／g时能够保证较高的脂肪酸甲酯收率，采用酸催化预酯化法对高酸价的油脂原料进行脱酸效果比较显著。浓硫酸不仅是油脂预酯化脱酸反应的催化剂，也是油脂与甲醇进行酯交换反应的催化剂，但与甲醇钠等碱性催化剂相比，相同条件下的酯交换反应转化率低。采用减压蒸馏的方法提纯生物柴油，在0．098MPa的真空度下应控制其馏出温度不超过240℃。     

氧空位对氧化锆相结构稳定性及相变过程的影响

从晶体学和配位学的角度，结合电化学技术，讨论了氧空位对氧化锆相结构结构稳定性的影响及氧化锆四方相单斜相转变过程中的作用。结果表明：氧空位的存在与变化不仅影响着氧化锆相结构的稳定性，而且影响着氧化锆的低温相变过程。对于含有一定担氧空位的亚稳四方相氧化锆，氧空位浓度的增加与减少都会进一步降低其结构稳定性，使之更加容晚地向单斜相转变     

Particle and Granule Parameters Affecting Compaction Efficiency in Dry Pressing

The slope of density versus log (pressure) represents the efficiency of compaction forming. A high maximum particle packing density of powders increased the pressing efficiency and the compact density. A high granule density favors a high compact density, whereas, a low granule density favors an increase in the pressing efficiency and the elimination of the intergranular pores; an optimum clearly existed. At a very low forming pressure, the compact density using granules containing a binder was lower; but at a higher forming pressure, the binder acted as a lubricant and assisted particle sliding and rearrangement which increased the pressing efficiency and compact density.     

化学铣切槽液中Na2S的分析

本文采用“碘量法”测定化铣液中的硫化钠，分析结果的准确度和精密度完全能够满足生产要求。     

KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE REACTION BETWEEN OZONE AND O-CRESOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

The stopped-flow spectrophotomctric method was applied to study the kinetics of the ozonation of o-cresol in aqueous solutions of pH values varying from 2 to 9 at 10 to 40°C. The fast reaction between o-cresol and ozone is second order overall with first order in each reactant. The ozonation rale increases with the temperature and pH value of the solution. In neutral solutions, the overall rate constant increases from 422,000 M^-1S^-1 at 10°C to 1,549,000 M^-1 S^-1 at 40°C. The activation energy is about 30 KJ/mol in the neutral solutions; it increases slightly with the acidity of the solution.

A mechanism based on the initial attack of ozone moleculesat the ortho and para positions of o-cresol is proposed for the ozonation reaction. According to this mechanism, three moles of ozone are required to react with each mole of o-cresol resulting in the rupture of the aromatic ring and production of various acids. The oxidation products were identified by these and other investigators. The proposed mechanism yields a second order kinetics for the overall reaction, as confirmed by the kinetic experiments.     

Biomorphic Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Fibrous Morphology Prepared by Sol Infiltration and Reduction–Nitridation

Biomorphic silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramics with fibrous morphology were fabricated by combining sol–gel infiltration with carbothermal reduction nitridation from wood precursor. Y₂O₃-incorporated silica sol was used as the infiltrated solution to promote the formation of fibrous Si₃N₄ grain at 1600°C under high nitrogen pressure (0.6 MPa). The influence of sintering conditions (additive and temperature) on the phase composition and microstructure of sintering bodies was analyzed, and the reaction mechanism is discussed.     

节水型洗衣粉的研制

本文论述研制节水型洗衣粉的必要性及其制造过程。并对洗衣粉的表面活性剂、助剂、消泡剂进行配方优选，研制出去污力强的节水型洗衣粉。     

A new parallel lattice reduction algorithm for BKZ reduced bases

In order to implement the original BKZ algorithm in parallel,we describe it in terms of parallelism and give its parallel implementation scheme.Then we analyze the efficiency of algorithm’s parallel implementation and show that the speedup factor of BKZ algorithm in parallel is extremely low.Therefore we present a new parallel lattice reduction algorithm suitable for multiprocessor computer architecture.The new algorithm can obtain a BKZ reduced basis and the parallel speedup is effective.Also with the practical results,although the computational complexity increases compared with the original BKZ algorithm,we still indicate that the new algorithm performs well in parallel and the time cost in parallel is less.At the same time,we show that the length of the shortest vector is smaller.