药用包装材料PVC/PE复合片材混料设备的改进

简要介绍了药用复合片材混料设备的改进思路和结构方案,使其具有混料均匀、温度调节、操作方便、安全可靠等特点,以及该设备在PVC/PE药用复合片材混料工序中的应用。     

农村绝经后妇女性生活满意度及其影响因素分析

为了探索影响农村绝经后妇女性生活满意度的因素,从而为开展老年妇女保健提供科学依据,笔者于2012年3—8月采用多阶段随机抽样方法对重庆市5个区县农村绝经后妇女采用统一方法进行问卷调查和体检。结果显示,重庆市农村绝经后妇女对目前性生活满意和不满意的分别占83.7%和16.3%。单因素分析显示,绝经后妇女性生活满意度与其婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭收入、家庭结构、是否患有妇科疾病、最近两周是否有生殖道不适、起居方式、是否需要性生活、性生活频率、老年性保健知识、自觉体力状态及自觉生活状态等12个变量有关(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,分居方式(比值比(OR)=1.711,95%置信区间(CI)为1.334~2.194)、性生活频率高(OR=1.694,95%CI为1.334~2.152)、自觉体力状态差(OR=1.281,95%CI为1.018~1.613)是危险因素,家庭收入高(OR=0.651,95%CI为0.512~0.826)和既往有妇科疾病(OR=0.689,95%CI为0.486~0.977)是保护因素。因此,农村存在多种影响绝经后妇女性生活满意度的相关因素,应重视对绝经后妇女的性教育,改善她们的生活质量。     

High‐Quality Monolayer Graphene Synthesis on Pd Foils via the Suppression of Multilayer Growth at Grain Boundaries

The segregation of carbon from metals in which carbon is highly soluble, such as Ni (≈1.1 atom% at 1000 °C), is a typical method for graphene growth; this method differs from the surface‐catalyzed growth of graphene that occurs on other metals such as Cu (<0.04 atom%). It has not been established whether strictly monolayer graphene could be synthesized through the traditional chemical vapor deposition route on metals where carbon is highly soluble, such as Pd (≈3.5 atom%). In this work, this issue is investigated by suppressing the grain boundary segregation using a pretreatment comprising the annealing of the Pd foils; this method was motivated by the fact that the typical thick growths at the grain boundaries revealed that the grain boundary functions as the main segregation channel in polycrystalline metals. To evaluate the high crystallinity of the as‐grown graphene, detailed atomic‐scale characterization with scanning tunneling microscopy is performed.     

计量在国民经济中的作用

计量是国民经济机构中的技术结构之一,它被广泛应用于科学研究、国防建设、工农业生产、国内外贸易和医疗卫生及人民生活等各个领域并发挥着重要作用。     

反应堆压力容器主螺栓粘扣问题的分析与处理

基于反应堆堆压力容器主螺栓的结构及其工况,提出一种均载的、安全系数高的削峰均载螺纹结构。建立大螺栓螺纹连接的数学模型进行限元分析,并与普通螺纹结构比较,验证了该结构的可行性。解决现在的压力容器主螺栓连接结构在使用一段时间后的粘扣现象,使得压力容器主螺栓连接具有更高的安全性、可靠性以及更长的寿命。     

同步辐射X射线小角散射溶液样品蠕动实验装置的研制

研制了用于同步辐射X射线小角散射实验的溶液样品蠕动实验装置,其主要特点为可有效抑制X射线对溶液样品的辐射损伤、密封性能好、操作简便,且背景散射低、消耗样品量小,还可根据实验要求实现对样品温度的控制,进行变温原位测量。此外,通过实验对该装置的进样量和蠕动速度进行了标定,对防辐射损伤效果进行了验证。结果表明,该装置控制精度高,并可有效减小X射线在测量过程中对样品的辐射损伤。     

Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Directly Promote Fibroblast–Myofibroblast and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transitions through the Activation of the TGF‐β/Smad Signaling Pathway

A number of studies have demonstrated that MWCNTs induce granuloma formation and fibrotic responses in vivo, and it has been recently reported that MWCNT‐induced macrophage activation and subsequent TGF‐β secretion contribute to pulmonary fibrotic responses. However, their direct effects against alveolar type‐II epithelial cells and fibroblasts and the corresponding underlying mechanisms remain largely unaddressed. Here, MWCNTs are reported to be able to directly promote fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast conversion and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the activation of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway. Both of the cell transitions may play important roles in MWCNT‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. Firstly, in‐vivo and in‐vitro data show that long MWCNTs can directly interact with fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and some of them may be uptaken into fibroblasts and epithelial cells by endocytosis. Secondly, long MWCNTs can directly activate fibroblasts and increase both the basal and TGF‐β1‐induced expression of the fibroblast‐specific protein‐1, α‐smooth muscle actin, and collagen III. Finally, MWCNTs can induce the EMT through the activation of TGF‐β/Smad2 signaling in alveolar type‐II epithelial cells, from which some fibroblasts involved in pulmonary fibrosis are thought to originate. These observations suggest that the activation of the TGF‐β/Smad2 signaling plays a critical role in the process of the fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast transition and the EMT induced by MWCNTs.     

Spontaneous calf hematoma in a patient with diabetic nephropathy receiving maintenance hemodialysis: A case report and review of the literature

We report the outcome of a 52‐year‐old patient with diabetic nephropathy and receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as an anticoagulant for 2 years. He presented right lower limb pain accompanied with difficulty in walking for 2 months, and had no history of bleeding tendency or trauma. Physical examination revealed marked swelling and tenderness on his right lower limb. By ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnoses, the calf hematoma was diagnosed and identified with venous thrombosis. Following treatment with heparin‐free HD, the swelling regressed and pain subsided, and a follow‐up MRI showed complete dissolution of hematoma. However, similar symptoms recurred in the right upper limb after 2 months without any predisposition, he was just placed on HD with LMWH, and symptoms regressed following the aforementioned therapy. This suggests that HD patients, especially with diabetic nephropathy having extremity hematoma, should be watched for the development of spontaneous hemorrhage that can be differentially diagnosed by imaging tests, such as MRI, and can be effectively treated with heparin‐free HD.     

活性污泥处理含氰废水毒性及降解机制研究

研究了不同浓度含氰废水对微生物毒性的影响,初步推断生物降解氰化物的机制。结果表明:在试验范围内(氰化物质量浓度0~2.0mg/L),氰化物对微生物的新陈代谢有抑制作用,但未达到致死浓度;氰化物质量浓度为2.0mg/L时能完全抑制硝化过程;氰化物对微生物反硝化过程的抑制主要是在反硝化的第1步,即硝酸盐氮转化为亚硝酸盐氮过程中;微生物降解氰化物的机制是氰化物转化为氨氮,并最终转化为亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮。