Spin Injection Efficiency at the Source/Channel Interface of Spin Transistors

Almost all spintronic transistors (e.g., spin field-effect transistors, spin bipolar transistors, and spin-enhanced MOSFETs) require high efficiency of spin injection from a ferromagnetic contact into a semiconductor channel for proper operation. In this paper, we calculate the efficiency of spin injection from a realistic nonideal ferromagnetic contact into the semiconductor quantum wire channel of a spintronic transistor, taking into account the presence of an axial magnetic field (caused by either the ferromagnetic contact or external agents) and spin orbit interaction. In our calculations, the temperature is assumed to be low enough that phonon scattering is weak and transport is phase-coherent, although not ballistic because of elastic scattering caused by impurities and defects. We consider a single impurity in the channel and show that the conductance depends strongly on the exact location of this impurity because of quantum mechanical interference effects. This is a nuisance since it exacerbates device variability. The ldquosignrdquo of the impurity potential, i.e., whether it is attractive or repulsive, also influences the channel conductance. Surprisingly, at absolute zero temperature, the spin injection efficiency can reach 100% at certain gate biases, even though the ferromagnetic injector is nonideal. However, this efficiency drops rapidly with increasing temperature.     

焦化蜡油络合脱氮用作催化裂化掺炼进料的研究

采用一种络合物不需分离的络合脱氮剂对焦化蜡油进行脱氮处理，在脱氮剂用量（w）为0.40％时，焦化蜡油碱氮转化率可达到62.00%。在1.0 kg/h小型催化裂化装置上对脱氮后焦化蜡油进行评价的结果表明，单炼焦化蜡油时，与未脱氮的焦化蜡油相比，脱氮后焦化蜡油的轻质油收率提高8.65个百分点；掺炼20％经脱氮处理的焦化蜡油与掺炼20％未脱氮焦化蜡油相比，轻质油收率提高1.77个百分点。     

Estimation of rock mass deformation modulus using variations in transmissivity and RQD with depth

Discontinuity normal stiffness and deformation modulus of large scale rock masses are very difficult to determine. A method for estimation of discontinuity normal stiffness based on the decrease in transmissivity with depth has been proposed by the authors in a former paper. In the current study, the method is further developed by accounting for the changes in both discontinuity aperture and frequency with depth, which are key factors that cause the transmissivity to decrease with depth. The discontinuity frequency can be estimated from RQD measurements, which are readily available in most geotechnical investigations. The transmissivity data from packer tests are usually available in geotechnical investigations for hydropower plants. For a rock mass in a dam site mainly controlled by lithostatic stress, based on transmissivity and RQD data at different depths, the change in discontinuity aperture with depth can be linked to the change in aperture with stress, which defines the normal stiffness of discontinuities. In the case study, the discontinuity normal stiffness is successfully estimated by using transmissivity and RQD data, and the result shows that the normal stiffness increases with stress (depth) and the rate of normal stiffness versus stress (depth) decreases with stress (depth), which is consistent with experimental studies. The estimated normal stiffness has been utilized to calculate the rock mass deformation modulus using an equivalent model. The result of deformation modulus by the proposed method is close to that obtained by using in situ measurements, as well as by using empirical models relating RQD to deformation modulus.     

Aqueous route for mesoporous metal oxides using inorganic metal source and their applications

In this paper, we report a synthetic route for mesoporous metal oxides from inorganic metal sources in aqueous media. This synthesis route offers a versatile, low cost and environmental friendly method to produce mesoporous metal oxides that have very high surface areas. As an example, the synthesis of iron oxide is described in detail. Synthesis conditions including aging time, aging temperature and amount of urea were varied to find the optimal synthesis conditions. We found that recycling the Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) template is possible when the amount of urea is reduced to stoichiometric. The mesoporous metal oxides made under these conditions are self assemblies of leaf-like single crystal sub-units with randomly distributed mesopores embedded into the crystals. As a result of the crystalline nature, these mesoporous metal oxides have high thermal stabilities and their applications as gas sensors and CO disproportionation catalysts indicate promising aspects of these materials.     

Light and Shape-Memory Polymers: Characterization,Preparation, Stimulation,and Application

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that change shape when exposed to stimuli and have various applications in different fields due to their unique properties. Light, as a kind of electromagnetic radiation, plays an important role in understanding the structure-property relations of SMPs, preparing original shapes, using them as non-contact stimuli sources, and tuning the optical properties of SMPs. This review provides a comprehensive review of the involvement of light in structure-preparation-stimuli-application of SMPs. The review is divided into four sections. First, applications of optical/spectroscopic approaches that provide information for understanding structure-property relations in SMPs, especially during programming and recovery. Second, describes how to build SMPs with light, including different photochemical reactions and 3D photocuring technologies. Third, discusses how light is used to trigger the shape change of SMPs through both photochemical and photothermal mechanisms. Last, focuses on how to take advantage of the shape-memory effect to tune the optical characteristics of polymers, including various structures of SMP color-changing materials and their synthetic strategies. Future research could focus on developing efficient photothermal fillers, new 3D printing techniques for SMPs, exploring their use in biomedical and wearable devices, and optimizing SMPs for industrial applications.     

广州南沙开发区工业集中供热研究

在分析当地发展集中供热的必要性及供热现状的基础上,认为为适应当地的经济发展,应该发展集中供热;从投资规模、经济效益、环境效益方面论证了该地区发展集中供热的可行性。     

Synergy effects of hybrid carbon system on properties of composite bipolar plates for fuel cells

A hybrid carbon system of graphite powder (GP) and continuous carbon fibre fabric (CFF) is used for an epoxy composite to improve the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and mouldability of a composite bipolar plate. These improvements are achieved simultaneously by inserting several layers of CFF into the GP/epoxy composite to enhance the mechanical properties and in-plane conductivity. The electrical properties, flexural strength and mouldability of the composite plates are measured as a function of conducting filler content and number of CFF layers. The composites show improved electrical conductivity, flexural properties and mouldability. Composites with 70-75 vol.% carbon fillers have the highest electrical conductivity with reasonable flexural properties. These results suggest that the poor mouldability and low through-plane electrical conductivity of the continuous fibre composite bipolar plate, as well as the weak flexural properties of GP composites, can be overcome by incorporating a GP/CFF hybrid system.     

合成塔出口气锅炉给水换热器上封头泄漏的处理及光刀机设计

合成塔出口气锅炉给水换热器防爆隔膜板裂，上封头泄漏引起着火，对事故的应急处理，中修消缺处理方法及现场光刀机设计作了介绍。     

Nd-Fe-B永磁材料氢脆机理与阻氢涂层研究

本文利用三维 Mobius反演变换得到了金属 Nd原子间的相互作用势和 H原子间的相互作用势 ,利用组合规则得到了 Nd- H原子间的相互作用势 ,进而利用正则系统分子动力学算法研究了在一定加载应力强度因子下氢在 Nd晶体中的行为 ,模拟结果表明 ,H在 Nd晶体裂尖富集成许多氢原子团簇或氢气团簇 ,这在一定程度上解释了 Nd- Fe- B磁体中的氢爆现象 ,进而为 Nd- Fe- B阻氢涂层工艺提供理论参考 ,达到在原子分子水平上设计新型阻氢涂层的目的。对 Nd- Fe- B阻氢涂层的制备进行了实验研究 ,利用厚膜烧结方法在 Nd- Fe- B磁体表面涂覆银及高分子聚合物涂层 ,高压充氢实验结果表明 ,在 10 MPa、2 5℃的氢环境中 ,磁体充氢 178分钟未粉碎 ,最长可达2 88分钟 ,充氢后的磁体磁性能没有变化。另外 ,对 γ-辐照前后涂覆涂层的磁体进行了磁性能、充氢及尺寸测试 ,实验结果表明 ,涂覆涂层的磁体 γ-辐照前后磁性能、阻氢性能及磁体尺寸没有变化     

不同基质配比对几种无核葡萄扦插生根的影响

以无核葡萄品种红宝石无核、爱莫无核、无核白、大粒红无核和火焰无核的一年生枝条为试材,研究了河沙、珍珠岩和泥炭3种基质及其混合配比对几种无核葡萄扦插生根的影响。结果表明,不同品种间的遗传差异对葡萄硬枝扦插不定根的发生有显著影响。大粒红无核、无核白和爱莫无核生根质量显著优于红宝石无核和火焰无核,而大粒红无核、无核白和爱莫无核之间差异不显著。扦插基质的物理性质对葡萄硬枝扦插萌芽和生根有较大影响。在泥炭:河沙:珍珠岩体积比为1:1:1的混合基质上,插穗芽萌动和生根最早,生根数多,生根率高,不定根生长健壮。