基于仿真器的源码级调试器设计与实现

根据嵌入式开发的特点,采用构件组装技术对基于仿真器的调试器进行设计,模块化各个部件,减少仿真器和调试器的耦合性,使基于仿真器的调试器能够适应多种仿真器,具有调试信息存储和解耦功能模块的能力,实现了调试功能的可扩展性.此外,结合当前主流调试技术,阐述了ELF文件格式,对源码级调试器的原理、使用方法和运行性能进行了重点分析.     

Coalition structure generation in cooperative games with compact representations

This paper presents a new way of formalizing the coalition structure generation problem (CSG) so that we can apply constraint optimization techniques to it. Forming effective coalitions is a major research challenge in AI and multi-agent systems. CSG involves partitioning a set of agents into coalitions to maximize social surplus. Traditionally, the input of the CSG problem is a black-box function called a characteristic function, which takes a coalition as input and returns the value of the coalition. As a result, applying constraint optimization techniques to this problem has been infeasible. However, characteristic functions that appear in practice often can be represented concisely by a set of rules, rather than treating the function as a black box. Then we can solve the CSG problem more efficiently by directly applying constraint optimization techniques to this compact representation. We present new formalizations of the CSG problem by utilizing recently developed compact representation schemes for characteristic functions. We first characterize the complexity of CSG under these representation schemes. In this context, the complexity is driven more by the number of rules than by the number of agents. As an initial step toward developing efficient constraint optimization algorithms for solving the CSG problem, we also develop mixed integer programming formulations and show that an off-the-shelf optimization package can perform reasonably well.     

Investigation on choking behavior of gas flow in microducts

In continuum regime, the large surface-to-volume ratio in microscale flow indicates stronger influence of boundary layer on internal flow, which is confirmed by the present study through quantitatively analyzing the in-duct choking and profile of boundary layer in a series of straight rectangular microducts with convergent entrances. The exit height and width of the microducts are 500 µm and 2500 µm. The number density distribution along the duct centerline is measured using a laser-induced fluorescence technique in underexpanded conditions for Reynolds numbers ranging from 745 to 6710. The experimental results show that an unexpected drop in number density emerges upstream of the duct exits. By numerically solving the 3-D Navier–Stokes equations, the computational results reveal that the build-up of boundary layer forms a virtual throat upstream of the duct exit, thus turns the straight duct into a convergent–divergent micronozzle. The location of Mach-number unity (choking) and the boundary-layer thickness are found affected by both duct configuration and Reynolds number at choking. In addition, location of the farthest in-duct choking from duct exit is found corresponding to a certain range of transition from laminar to turbulent at Re?～?2000. The 1-D analysis confirms that the in-duct choking phenomenon is related to the boundary-layer blockage rather than friction. The results of the present survey indicate the significance of reckoning boundary-layer blockage in micronozzle or microduct design.     

Experimental results from a MANET testbed in outdoor bridge environment considering BATMAN routing protocol

A set of wireless mobile terminals, which cooperate by routing packets to each other creates a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). MANETs are continuing to grow their interest in research environment and they are attracting attention for their potential use in several fields such as collaborative computing and disaster recovery environments. Considering mobility of the terminals, the topology changes rapidly and routing becomes a key process for operation of MANETs. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Better Approach To MANET (BATMAN) routing protocol in an outdoor bridge environment considering mobility and vertical communication. We implement two scenarios on our testbed and evaluate the performance in terms of throughput and packetloss.     

Possibility of an embedded system for ultrasound-based measurement of the distances to two target objects

We developed an embedded system by which to simultaneously measure the distances to two target objects, such as an obstacle and a wall. The embedded system incorporates a set of ultrasound sensors, analog circuits, and a microcomputer to automatically measure the distances to the two targets, and displays the information on a liquid crystal display. For a single target, a large iron-plate wall, at a distance of from 0.5 to 2.75 m, the percentage error in the detected distance was less than 5%. For two targets, such as an acrylic resin cylinder (object 1) in front of a wall (object 2), the percentage error in the detected distances was less than 5% in most cases. In some cases, however, there were significant measurement errors. Nevertheless, since the proposed measurement system revealed the exact distance in the majority of cases, this system could be applied to industrial and autonomous moving robots.     

An analysis of natural convection using the thermal finite element discrete Boltzmann equation

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is the simple numerical simulator for fluids because it consists of linear equations. Excluding the higher differential term, the LBM for a temperature field is also achieved as an easy numerical simulation method. However, the LBM is hardly applied to body fitted coordinates for its formulation. It is then difficult to calculate complex lattices using the LBM. In this paper, the finite element discrete Boltzmann equation (FEDBE) is introduced to deal with this weakness of the LBM. The finite element method is applied to the discrete Boltzmann equation (DBE) of the basic equation of the LBM. For FEDBE, the simulation using complex lattices is achieved, and it will be applicable for the development in engineering fields. The natural convection in a square cavity and the Rayleigh–Bernard convection are chosen as the test problem. Each simulation model is accurate enough for the flow patterns, the temperature distribution and the Nusselt number. This method is now considered good for the flow and temperature field, and is expected to be introduced for complex lattices using the DBE.     

Association study for the relationship between a haplotype or haplotype set and multiple quantitative responses

Though there have been several works on the analysis of the association between genotype and phenotype, little can be found for the association analysis between a haplotype or haplotype sets and multivariate quantitative responses. For example, QTLmarc is available for the analysis of multivariate responses, but it cannot be applied to the case of stochastic diplotype configurations and complex genetic models. The present paper proposes a method of association analysis between diplotype configuration and multivariate quantitative responses assuming the dominant, recessive and additive models. A comparative study is performed between the proposed method and QTLmarc by applying the two methods to numerical examples and small size simulated data sets with actual genotype information taken from the data set of the Hapmap project and artificial quantitative phenotype data which follow multivariate normal distributions. The results show that the proposed method is superior to QTLmarc in finding the assumed association.     

Multi‐primary‐color LCD: Its characteristics and extended applications

Abstract— The development of multi‐primary‐color (MPC) display systems is one of the big paradigm shifts in recent display technologies and induces new potentials of display devices. The development of MPC display systems for different goals is briefly reviewed. Especially, by employing MPC systems, it is possible to reproduce the real material colors faithfully and efficiently. For signal processing, MPC systems have a big advantage in the so‐called color‐reproduction redundancy. A number of applications can be derived from this characteristic, such as improving the viewing‐angle dependency issue and power savings. On the other hand, MPC systems have a typical trade‐off versus RGB‐standardized input signals, especially for reproducing bright green. New algorithms to moderate this trade‐off on MPC systems by employing color‐reproduction redundancy are proposed. The goal of our algorithms is to maintain the compatibility with RGB‐based input signals though the initial display design so that the characteristics of MPC systems are not changed or lost. These algorithms indicate that MPC display systems are applicable not only for a specifically limited objective but also for other applications, e.g., TV broadcasting.     

White LEDs using the sharp β‐sialon: Eu phosphor and Mn‐doped red phosphor for wide‐color gamut display applications

The sharp β‐sialon (Si_6‐zAl_zO_zN_8‐z : 0 < z < 0.1):Eu green phosphor, combining with a blue LED and CaAlSiN₃:Eu red phosphor, is suitable for the wide‐color gamut white LEDs backlighting system, because of its sharp and asymmetric emission spectrum shape. However, the color gamut and the brightness of the aforementioned display is restricted because of the wide emission band of the CaAlSiN₃:Eu red phosphor. In this work, we used K₂SiF₆:Mn as an alternate red phosphor, which has a sharp emission spectrum. The display with the white LED using sharp β‐sialon:Eu and K₂SiF₆:Mn shows a wide‐color gamut, which covers the hole NTSC triangle. The use of K₂SiF₆:Mn enables to realize not only a wider color gamut but also a higher brightness of displays, compared with the use of CaAlSiN₃:Eu. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the white LED using sharp β‐sialon:Eu and K₂SiF₆:Mn is stable against temperature and also durable under the accelerated drive conditions.     

New pixel circuits for controlling threshold voltage by back‐gate bias voltage using crystalline oxide semiconductor FETs

We devised a threshold voltage compensation pixel circuit using back‐gate bias voltage. Variation in threshold voltages can be reduced to 10% in simulation while improving the saturation characteristics of a driving transistor. The pixel circuit can compensate not only threshold variation but also mobility variation. We fabricated a 5.29‐in Quad‐VGA organic light emitting diode display using this pixel circuit.