Microfabricated preconcentrator-focuser for a microscale gas chromatograph

The design, fabrication, and testing of a preconcentrator-focuser (PCF), consisting of a thick micromachined Si heater packed with a small quantity of a granular adsorbent material are described. The PCF is developed to capture and concentrate vapors for subsequent focused thermal desorption and analysis in a micro gas chromatograph. The microheater contains an array of high-aspect-ratio, etched-Si heating elements, 520 /spl mu/m (h)/spl times/50 /spl mu/m (w)/spl times/3000 /spl mu/m (l), bounded by an annulus of Si and thermally isolated from the remaining substrate by an air gap. This structure is sandwiched between Pyrex glass plates with inlet/outlet ports that accept capillary tubes for sample flow and is sealed by anodic bonding (bottom) and rapidly annealed glass/metal/Si solder bonding (top). The large microheater surface area allows for high adsorption capacity and efficient, uniform thermal desorption of vapors captured on the adsorbent within the structure. The adsorbent consists of roughly spherical granules, /spl sim/200 /spl mu/m in diameter, of a high-surface-area, graphitized carbon. Key design considerations, fabrication technologies, and results of performance tests are presented with an emphasis on the thermal desorption characteristics of several representative volatile organic compounds as a function of volumetric flow rates and heating rates. Preconcentration factors as high as 5600 and desorbed peak widths as narrow as 0.8 s are achieved from 0.25-L samples of benzene at modest heating rates. The effects of operating variables on sensitivity, chromatographic resolution, and detection limits are assessed. Testing of this PCF with a micromachined separation column and integrated sensor array is discussed briefly.     

工程机械和建材机械的盛大展会

德国慕尼黑国际博览集团是享誉全球的国际化大型博览公司,是世界上最重要的十大展览公司之一。自2002年始与上海新国际博览中心共同组织了两年一届的中国国际工程机械、建材机械、工程车辆及设备博览会(BAUMA CHINA)。2004年该博览会吸引了来自27个国家的738个参展商,展会场地达10万平方米,观众来自100个国家约5万多人(国外观众占21%)。鉴于中国使用工程机械、建材机械较多的交通运输业、建筑业、能源建设、水利水电建设等行业都保持了很高的发展速度,中国工程机械市场将是一个持续和不断成长的市场。2006年11月21—24日将在上海新国际…     

FR139317, a specific ETA-receptor antagonist, inhibits cerebral activation by intraventricular endothelin-1 in conscious rats

A comprehensive series of time-related behavioral, physiological and cerebral metabolic studies was conducted using conscious Sprague-Dawley rats to discern the anti-endothelin (ET) properties of the specific ETA receptor antagonist, FR139317. Endothelin-1 (9 pmol given by injection into one lateral ventricle, i.c.v.) produced convulsions, acute arterial hypertension, arterial hyperglycemia, and hyperventilation. Brain structures close to the i.c.v. site of injection, such as the caudate nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, corpus callosum and hippocampal CA3 medial lamellae, as well as 14 other individual structures, displayed moderate-to-intense levels of metabolic activation after endothelin. Data were assessed quantitatively by means of the autoradiographic [14C]deoxyglucose technique combined with image analysis. Neural circuits in the efferent projection paths of the stimulated forebrain structures, such as the midbrain oculomotor complex, amygdaloid nuclei, substantia nigra pars reticulata and caudal subicular subregions of the hippocampal formation, were stimulated focally by endothelin. Specific medullary nuclei and cerebellar cortical subregions displayed high rates of glucose metabolism following endothelin injection at the time of maximum behavioral and physiological stimulation. I.c.v. treatment with > or = 14 nmol FR139317 before endothelin significantly inhibited the effects produced by the peptide. At the highest dose of FR139317 (28 nmol), there was only mild behavioral stimulation following endothelin injection, and hypermetabolic responses in the brain were abolished except in two specific areas of the cerebellar cortex (approx 40% increases in metabolic activity in the copula pyramis and paramedian lobule). The results indicate that the cerebral stimulatory effects of i.c.v. endothelin are mediated by the A type of endothelin receptor. By itself, i.c.v. FR139317 had no effects on the parameters assessed. Further evaluation of FR139317 is warranted as a possible therapeutic agent for neuropathologies suspected of deriving from central neural or vascular stimulation by endothelin, such as aneurysmal vasospasm, ischemia, excitotoxicity, and peptide-mediated epilepsies.     

可靠性研究在油气田勘探中的应用——地震层速度资料用于含油气层厚度定量解释的可信度分析

本文引入可信度这一基本概念及其有关知识.对用于含油气层厚度定量解释的地震层速度资料的可信度进行了分析研究,对汤原凹陷地震层速度资料用于解释1000米埋深下100米厚的地震层内25米厚的欠压实泥岩层、正常压实的泥岩层、含气砂层和含油砂层的最大可信度.分别为76.1、61.0、43.4和25.4;解释500米埋深下对应厚度的上述各地层的可信度分别为75.4、67.9、56.8和29.3.     

论黄河三角洲流路演变及河口治理的指导原则

通过分析黄河三角洲流路演变中溯源堆积及溯源冲刷对典河下游河道影响的范围，幅度和作用历时，提出在黄河泥沙从根本上减少之前，河口治理的指导原则应是在有利于工农业发展和有利于防洪防凌前提下，有计划地安排河口流路。     

里石门水电站泄漏电流及直流耐压试验分析与改进

分析在水电站进行泄漏电流试验及直流耐压试验中产生各种问题的原因，并提出了解决和改进的方法。图1幅，表3个。     

TiO_2对ZrO_2－NiCr金属陶瓷烧结特性和相稳定性的影响

本文研究了ＴｉＯ２掺入对ＣａＯ稳定ＺｒＯ２（简称ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ）金属陶瓷烧结特性的影响，测定了ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ－ＴｉＯ２金属陶瓷烧结样品的密度和显微硬度，结果表明，ＴｉＯ２的掺入能提高ＣａＳＺ－ＮＩＣｒ金属陶瓷的烧结密度和显微硬度，对ＣａＳＺ－ＮｉＣｒ金属陶瓷有助烧结作用．金相观察表明，ＴｉＯ３的掺入改变了ＮｉＣｒ相在金属陶瓷中的形貌，说明了ＮｉＣｒ与ＣａＳＺ的浸润性有一定的改善．ＸＲＤ和ＥＰＭＡ分析结果显示，ＴｉＯ２偏聚在ＮｉＣｒ金属相中，不影响ＣａＳＺ的稳定性．     

从搜索效率看二层网络与三层网络的本质区别

二层网络以交换机为交换设备,以MAC地址表为搜索依据,其搜索次数很大.三层网络以路由器和交换机联合作为交换设备,其中路由器以路由表为搜索依据,将广播域进行了分割,综合搜索次数大大降低,从而使大型网络的地址搜索时间减少到可接受的范围.本文通过详细的分析,比较了以交换机为主的二层网络和以路由器为主的三层网络之搜索差别,从而揭示二层网络和三层网络的本质差别.     

支架式教学与计算机程序设计语言

建构主义教学模式下的支架式教学是讲授计算机程序设计语言课程的恰当方法,它强调把复杂的任务加以分解,把学习者的理解逐步引向深入,由学习者主动完成信息的建构。在教学实践中应用搭脚手架、创造情境、独立探索、协作学习、效果评价等手段,使支架式教学落实到教学各个环节,教学效果良好,呈现出良好的应用前景。     

聚丙烯纤维混合粘土的力学性能试验研究

通过直剪试验和动三轴试验,研究了聚丙烯纤维混合粘土的静动力学性能,分析了混合粘土的抗剪强度特征和动强度特征,并分析了聚丙烯纤维含量对粘土静动力学性能的影响,结果表明:聚丙烯纤维影响了粘土的抗剪强度,随着聚丙烯纤维含量增加,聚丙烯纤维混合粘土的抗剪强度先增大后减小.聚丙烯纤维含量对粘土的动强度的影响呈现出一致的效应,当含量小于8％时,粘土的动强度有明显的增大,且含量越高,增加越大;当聚丙烯纤维含量高于8％时,会导致混合粘土的粘结作用不足,从而会影响粘土的强度.