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排序方式: 共有856条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
11.
The influence of nonionic surfactants (polysorbates) on hydrocortisone penetration through hairless mouse skin in vitro has been determined. Permeation was quite slow from purely aqueous media containing surfactants following finite dose application. However, if the vehicle contained high propylene glycol concentrations (40% or more), inclusion of a surfactant increased permeation rate significantly. Similar effects were noted following application of a large donor volume (infinite dose). Synergism was attributed to enhancement of surfactant absorption by the stratum corneum leading to changes in skin barrier resistance. With vehicles containing a surfactant, penetration was higher after finite dose application due to compositional changes within the vehicle. 相似文献
12.
Several special stability controls, including fast turbine valving are in service at AEP's Rockport generating plant to enhance the plant's transient and voltage stability performance. An account of how these supplementary controls evolved over time to meet changing system needs is provided. An overview of field tests, maintenance practices and operating history of the fast turbine valving equipment is presented. Finally, one of the successful Rockport fast valving events is analyzed in detail, with respect to valve stroke characteristics and electrical response of the Rockport units. This paper emphasizes the lessons learned from the operating experience, which include a need to constantly monitor the adequacy of the special stability control equipment, through regular maintenance and analysis of actual operations 相似文献
13.
Predictive simulation of human walking transitions using an optimization formulation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Yujiang Xiang Jasbir S. Arora Hyun-Joon Chung Hyun-Jung Kwon Salam Rahmatalla Rajankumar Bhatt Karim Abdel-Malek 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2012,45(5):759-772
A general optimization formulation for transition walking prediction using 3D skeletal model is presented. The formulation
is based on a previously presented one-step walking formulation (Xiang et al., Int J Numer Methods Eng 79:667–695, 2009b). Two basic transitions are studied: walk-to-stand and slow-to-fast walk. The slow-to-fast transition is used to connect
slow walk to fast walk by using a step-to-step transition formulation. In addition, the speed effects on the walk-to-stand
motion are investigated. The joint torques and ground reaction forces (GRF) are recovered and analyzed from the simulation.
For slow-to-fast walk transition, the predicted ground reaction forces in step transition is even larger than that of the
fast walk. The model shows good correlation with the experimental data for the lower extremities except for the standing ankle
profile. The optimal solution of transition simulation is obtained in a few minutes by using predictive dynamics method. 相似文献
14.
Pramod Kandanarachchi Andrew Guo Dmytro Demydov Zoran Petrovic 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(12):1221-1225
The kinetics and mechanism of the hydroformylation of soybean oil by homogeneous ligand-modified rhodium catalysts were investigated
at 70–130°C and 4000–11,000 kPa. The effects of reaction rates on systematic variations in reaction parameters were evaluated
in order to develop an industrial process to convert vegetable oils to polyaldehydes. The activation energies in the presence
of triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) (61.1±0.8 kJ/mol) (mean±SD) and triphenyl phosphite [(PhO)3P] (77.4±5.0 kJ/mol) were determined. The catalyst was deactivated at temperatures higher than 100°C. An evaluation of the
effects of the reaction parameters on initial rates yielded the rate laws for Ph3P {rate=k [olefin][Rh(CO)2Acac]1.1 [Ph3P]−0.5 (pH2+pCO)1.4, where Rh(CO)2Acac is (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (I)} and (PhO)3P {rate=[olefin] [Rh(CO)2Acac]1.2 [(PhO)3P]−0.8 (pH2+pCO)0.9 at total pressures lower than 7000 kPa, and rate =[olefin] [Rh(CO)2Acac]1.2 [(PhO)3P]−0.8(pH2+pCO)1.7 at total pressures higher than 7000 kPa}. 相似文献
15.
Hemanshu Bhatt Kimberly Y. Donaldson D. P. II. Hasselman Ramakrishna T. Bhatt 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(2):334-340
The role of an interfacial carbon coating in the heat conduction behavior of a uniaxial silicon carbide nitride was investigated. For such a composite without an interfacial carbon coating the values for the thermal conductivity transverse to the fiber direction agreed very well with the values calculated from composite theory using experimental data parallel to the fiber direction, regardless of the ambient atmosphere. However, for a composite made with carbon-coated fibers the experimental values for the thermal conductivity transverse to the fiber direction under vacuum at room temperature were about a factor of 2 lower than those calculated from composite theory assuming perfect interfacial thermal contact. This discrepancy was attributed to the formation of an interfacial gap, resulting from the thermal expansion mismatch between the fibers and the matrix in combination with the low adhesive strength of the carbon coating. In nitrogen or helium the thermal conductivity was found to be higher because of the contribution of gaseous conduction across the interfacial gap. On switching from vacuum to nitrogen a transient effect in the thermal diffusivity was observed, attributed to the diffusion-limited entry of the gas phase into the interfacial gap. These effects decreased with increasing temperature, due to gap closure, to be virtually absent at 1000°C. 相似文献
16.
Rabbits fed semipurified diets containing casein have elevated plasma cholesterol levels compared to those fed soy protein.
As part of continuing studies on the mechanism of casein-induced hypercholesterolemia, two groups of six rabbits were fed
these diets for 14 to 16 weeks. Animals fed the casein diet were found to have significantly higher plasma concentrations
of protein, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, phospholipid and apolipoprotein B (apo B) associated with low density lipoprotein
(LDL) than those fed the soy protein diet. Kinetic studies showed that the fractional catabolic rate of LDL-apo B was significantly
lower in animals fed casein than in those fed soy protein regardless of whether the tracer LDL was obtained from donors fed
casein or soy protein. The production rate of LDL-apo B was higher in casein-fed animals but this was not statistically significant.
These results show that the efficiency of removal of LDL is significantly reduced in animals fed casein compared to those
fed soy protein, and that the source of LDL did not affect the efficiency of its subsequent removal. The acumulation of LDL
in casein-fed animals is consistent with down-regulation of the LDL receptor. 相似文献
17.
Supported 12-tungstophosphoricacid (12-TPA) and 12-tunstosilicicacid (12-TSA) were used as heterogeneous catalysts for liquid-phase
tert-butylation of m-cresol, an industrial important reaction. Alkylation reactions have been carried out with supported 12-TPA by varying different
parameters such as % loading of 12-tungstophosphoricacid onto support, mole ratio of alcohol to m-cresol, reaction temperature, amount of the catalyst, reaction time and calcination temperature to optimize the conditions.
To see the effect of the acidity on the reaction, the same reaction was studied over supported 12-TSA. Both the catalysts
give 100% selectivity for o-isomer with different % conversion. The difference in catalyst performance of both the catalyst
was correlated with the value of total acidity as well as Bronsted acidity. 相似文献
18.
Ninad S. Bhatt 《International Journal of Speech Technology》2016,19(4):881-893
This paper addresses a novel approach to investigate, study and simulate computation of high band (HB) feature extraction based on linear predictive coding (LPC) and mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) techniques. Further, HB features are embedded into encoded bitstream of proposed global system for mobile (GSM) full rate (FR) 06.10 coder using joint source coding and data hiding before being transmitted to receiving terminal. At receiver, HB features are extracted to reproduce HB portion of speech and for the same different extension of excitation techniques are applied and their results evaluated in terms of quality (intelligibility and naturalness) and bandwidth. MATLAB based e-test bench is created for implementing the proposed artificial bandwidth extension (ABE) coder following series of simulations, that are carried out to discover and gain insight about the performance of it using subjective [mean opinion score (MOS)] and objective [perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ)] analysis. The results obtained for both the analyses advocate that proposed ABE coder outperforms proposed GSM FR NB (legacy GSM FR) coder. While the fact remains that, compared to LPC based parameterizations over ABE coder, MFCC parameterization results in higher speech intelligibility which is evident from obtained slightly better PESQ and MOS scores. 相似文献
19.
Jay Bhatt 《New Review of Information Networking》2013,18(1):83-98
Last year, researchers and librarians at both Drexel University and the University of Maryland initiated similar collaborative projects in their respective institutions to contribute to the development of life-long learning skills among the select participants. One joint finding was the importance of linking advances in knowledge, not just as hypothetical learning that benefits an elite few, but rather for the advancement of our society as a whole. 相似文献
20.
Advances in multimedia data acquisition and storage technology have led to the growth of very large multimedia databases.
Analyzing this huge amount of multimedia data to discover useful knowledge is a challenging problem. This challenge has opened
the opportunity for research in Multimedia Data Mining (MDM). Multimedia data mining can be defined as the process of finding
interesting patterns from media data such as audio, video, image and text that are not ordinarily accessible by basic queries
and associated results. The motivation for doing MDM is to use the discovered patterns to improve decision making. MDM has
therefore attracted significant research efforts in developing methods and tools to organize, manage, search and perform domain
specific tasks for data from domains such as surveillance, meetings, broadcast news, sports, archives, movies, medical data,
as well as personal and online media collections. This paper presents a survey on the problems and solutions in Multimedia
Data Mining, approached from the following angles: feature extraction, transformation and representation techniques, data
mining techniques, and current multimedia data mining systems in various application domains. We discuss main aspects of feature
extraction, transformation and representation techniques. These aspects are: level of feature extraction, feature fusion,
features synchronization, feature correlation discovery and accurate representation of multimedia data. Comparison of MDM
techniques with state of the art video processing, audio processing and image processing techniques is also provided. Similarly,
we compare MDM techniques with the state of the art data mining techniques involving clustering, classification, sequence
pattern mining, association rule mining and visualization. We review current multimedia data mining systems in detail, grouping
them according to problem formulations and approaches. The review includes supervised and unsupervised discovery of events
and actions from one or more continuous sequences. We also do a detailed analysis to understand what has been achieved and
what are the remaining gaps where future research efforts could be focussed. We then conclude this survey with a look at open
research directions. 相似文献