Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. VI. The excretion of methoxyphenamine and methamphetamine into beards of human subjects

The excretion of methoxyphenamine (MOP) and methamphetamine (MA) into beards has been studied. Six healthy male subjects orally took 50 mg of MOP at a single dose and 7 doses for a successive 7 days. Their beard hairs were collected by an electric shaver every morning until MOP disappeared from the beard. After washing with 0.1% SDS, the beard samples were extracted with methanol-5 N HCl (20:1) under ultra-sonication for 1 h and the solution was kept overnight. MOP in the extract was determined by GC/MS using deuterium labelled MOP as an internal standard after trifluoroacetyl-derivatization. The drug concentrations in beard and the reproducibility of analysis were compared with the three procedures, unwashed, 0.1% SDS (wash I) and the additional ethanol (wash II) wash. The drug concentration in beard after SDS wash was 0.5-2.5 ng/mg lower than that in unwashed beard during the first 5-6 days. The drug concentration in beard after ethanol wash was much lower than that in the unwashed beard. The drug excreted into beard was detected 10 approximately 12 days for a single dose and 12-14 days for 7 doses after the last dosage at the cut off level of 1 ng/mg. On the contrary, the drug excreted in urine was not detected after more than 3 days after use. O-Desmethyl MOP, a major metabolite of MOP, was also detected in beard. The procedures were applied to the detection of MA in beard of MA abusers. It was realized that a beard sample was more useful than a urine sample assuming a longer detection.     

烷基化换热器的腐蚀失效分析和防护措施

通过对烷基化车间换热器腐蚀形貌、特征、产物、腐蚀介质、积垢、材料以及换热器流体特性的研究和分析,认为烷基化换热器的腐蚀失效主要由空泡腐蚀和湍流腐蚀引起,并提出了4项防腐蚀措施.经现场应用证明:改变设计或安排辅助管可以有效地减缓冷却管与管板结合部位的严重腐蚀.     

弹性杆与水下壳体接触冲击的冲击力计算研究

对弹性杆与水下壳体接触冲击问题进行了研究，用有限元法模拟壳体，边界无法模拟无限域流体，通过温面上的耦合条件进行联立求解，文中给出了典型算例，并进行了有关讨论。     

Local anaesthetic bupivacaine alters function of sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemmal vesicles from rabbit masseter muscle

The effects of local anaesthetics, bupivacaine and lidocaine, on Ca2+ flux behaviour of sarcoplasmic reticulum and on sarcolemmal functions were studied in the rabbit masseter muscle. The experiments were performed on sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemmal vesicles prepared at 1 to 10 days after injection of local anaesthetics or saline into masseter muscle as well as on sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles prepared from non-treated rabbits (for assessment of the effect on in vitro incubation with local anaesthetics). Bupivacaine potently reduced the efficiency of active sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport as evaluated by coupling ratio (Ca2+ transported/ATP hydrolyzed, in the presence of oxalate) at 3 days after the injection; there was only a slight degree of uncoupling of Ca2+ transport from ATP hydrolysis with lidocaine injection. Bupivacaine but not lidocaine, at 3 days after injection, decreased both the apparent permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to Ca2+, determined by measuring net efflux of Ca2+ after stopping pump-mediated fluxes, and the steady-state Ca2+ load in sarcoplasmic reticulum, but had no effect on overall turnover of the Ca2+ATPase. The effects of bupivacaine on apparent sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ permeability and steady-state Ca2+ load were inhibited by a Ca2+ antagonist verapamil. The reduction of Ca2+ uptake of sarcoplasmic reticulum and the protective effect of verapamil were reproduced in unfractionated homogenates prepared at 3 days after bupivacaine injection. In vitro exposure of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to bupivacaine (0.5 to 50 mM) reduced steady-state Ca2+ load in a dose-dependent manner. The observed effect elicited by bupivacaine (25 mM) was partially protected by procaine, an inhibitor of Ca2(+)-induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, or by specific closure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel by ryanodine, suggesting the possibility that in vitro exposure of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to bupivacaine may produce an increase in apparent permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum to Ca2+. In sarcolemma, bupivacaine reduced Na+,K(+)-ATPase and Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange activities at 3 days after injection; the effects on sarcolemmal vesicles were prevented by verapamil. These results suggest that although the effects elicited by bupivacaine injection and the in vitro exposure to bupivacaine on steady-state Ca2+ load of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were similar, the membrane properties of the vesicles from bupivacaine-treated masseter muscles and those from normal untreated muscles may not be the same, which indicates that pure bupivacaine effect is due partly by an effect on ryanodine- and procaine-sensitive Ca2+ channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Scanning electron microscopy of the myosin-coated surface of polystyrene beads in a force-movement assay system for ATP-dependent actin-myosin sliding

An outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis occurred over three months in a British Columbia community, peaking in December 1990. Results of the case-control study and illness surveys support the hypothesis that transmission occurred in a public children's pool at the local recreation centre. Analysis using lab-confirmed cases revealed a matched odds ratio of 4.5 [95% CI 0.97, 20.83], and using clinical cases an unmatched odds ratio of 12.8 [95% CI 3.68, 46.77], associated with swimming in the children's pool within two weeks prior to onset of illness. Other risk factors were not significant. Attack rates in various groups of children's pool users ranged from 8% to 78%. The children's pool was closed for steam cleaning and disinfection. Unusually frequent defecations including liquid stools had occurred before and during the outbreak. Improvements were instituted for removal of feces and superchlorination of pool water.     

Liquid viscosities and densities of HFC-134a+glycol mixtures

Liquid viscosity and density of six binary mixtures of HFC-134a with glycols [ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (400), and polypropylene glycol (2000)] have been measured in the temperature range from 273 to 333 K. The viscosity was measured by a rolling-ball viscometer calibrated with standard liquids of viscosities and densities (JS5, JS10, JS20, and JS50). The density was measured with a glass pycnometer. The uncertainties of the measurements were estimated to be less than 3.4 % for viscosity and 0.04 % for density, respectively. An equation is given to represent the obtained viscosity values as a function of weight fraction and temperature.     

Lack of carcinogenicity of medium-viscosity liquid paraffin given in the diet to F344 rats

The carcinogenicity of medium-viscosity liquid paraffin was examined in Fischer 344 rats. Groups of 50 males and 50 females were given the material at dietary doses of 0 (control), 2.5 or 5% for 104 wk. Slight increases in food consumption and body weight were observed in both sexes of the 5% group. However, no significant differences between the control and treated groups were noted with regard to clinical signs, mortality and haematology findings. A variety of tumours developed in all groups, including the control group, but all the neoplastic lesions were histologically similar to those known to occur spontaneously in F344 rats, and no statistically significant increase in the incidence of any tumour type was found for either sex in the treated groups. Granulomatous inflammation in the mesenteric lymph nodes, considered to be a reaction to paraffin absorption, was observed with similar incidence and severity in both sexes of the 2.5 and 5% groups. Thus, it is concluded that under the present experimental conditions, the high dose, about 2000-200,000 times higher than the current temporary acceptable daily intake, does not have any carcinogenic potential in F344 rats. Furthermore, granulomatous inflammation observed in mesenteric lymph nodes were not associated with any development of neoplastic lesions.     

Three-dimensional motion of the upper cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis frequently contributes to instability of the upper cervical spine. Rotational instability of the upper cervical spine was evaluated in rheumatoid arthritis patients using biplanar x-ray photogrammetry. Three-dimensional cervical motion and the instantaneous axis of rotation of the atlas relative to the axis were evaluated in normal and rheumatoid arthritis patients during axial rotation in the horizontal plane. Anterior atlantoaxial subluxation did not increase during axial head rotation in either the atlantoaxial subluxation or the vertical subluxation groups, while the instantaneous axes of rotation were distributed posteriorly in the dens in the RA-normal group, but were widely scattered in the atlantoaxial subluxation group.     

条形码中距离动态识别技术研究

本文讨论了条形码中距离动态识别技术中扫描景深与扫描光束波长和条宽等要素之间的关系，提出了改善条形码读取距离的３种方法。为扩大条形码在工业过程控制、企业管理等领域的应用范围提供了理论依据。