基于6参数模型的6R串联机器人运动学参数辨识

为了避免运动学参数误差辨识中存在参数不连续、计算收敛速度慢的现象,基于一种6参数模型,在DH(Denavit-Hartenberg)法建立的杆件坐标系上建立了6R串联机器人的误差模型,并给出了参数转化公式.设计了计算机仿真实验,在存在驱动器、测量仪器随机噪声误差的条件下对比了使用MDH(改进DH)参数误差模型和6参数模型的仿真辨识效果.6参数模型和MDH模型辨识后定位平均误差分别降低了96.1%和52.9%.结果显示6参数模型具有良好的完备性、连续性.6参数模型的误差参数范围可以从制造公差中得出,辨识速度高于MDH模型,通过公差控制参数范围,消除了没有达到极小性要求对误差辨识的影响.应用此方法对一台SR165型机器人进行参数辨识,定位平均误差由2.5 mm降低至0.35 mm.     

一种基于分块匹配的SIFT算法

SIFT算法在图像处理领域具有独特的优势,但是经过不断发展,SIFT算法在特征匹配过程中仍然具有数据处理量大、计算速度慢的问题.基于这些问题,提出了一种基于分块匹配的新型SIFT匹配算法,它通过剔除非重叠区域来降低特征提取和匹配的时间损耗.对于图像的刚性变换,算法的核心在于图像块的切分和重叠区域的计算,首先选取少量的种子点来估算两幅图像的相关变换矩阵;然后将原始图像切分为几块,通过变换矩阵找出在匹配图中的相关块;再检测所有的匹配块上的特征点;最后结合RANSAC算法去除伪匹配点对,来提高匹配的准确率.实验结果表明:与标准SIFT算法相比,基于分块匹配的SIFT算法在实时性和鲁棒性方面得到了进一步的提升,在实际图像匹配中具有一定的应用价值.     

多级半色调技术在电纸书显示优化中的应用

针对电纸书显示屏灰度等级不足的问题,提出了利用半色调图像处理技术的改进算法实现电纸书显示优化的方法.在阐述半色调技术与电子纸特点的基础上,介绍了抖动算法和误差扩散算法,通过对这两种算法进行改进提高电纸书显示的灰度级数及视觉效果.其中重点对误差扩散算法中的阈值、滤波器及扫描方式的设定进行设计,并提出一种基于误差动态检测的新的改进算法,能有效提高图像灰度级数,改善电纸书的图像显示质量.最后在电纸书系统平台上实现仿真,通过质量评价参数客观地评测了各种算法.     

LiDAR点云支持下地物精细分类的实现方法

在遥感数据分类中,获取精细的地物类别无疑能够传递更加丰富的信息量,进一步加深对遥感数据的理解和解译。在机载LiDAR点云高程数据的支持下,提出并实现了遥感影像上地物精细分类的方法。为保证高精度地同种地物再划分,综合考虑配准、辅助数据源、首次回波、点云密度及影像空间分辨率4种因素,并重点解决了点云密度与影像空间分辨率不匹配的问题,利用决策树显著地提高了影像上建筑物、植被的分类数量,使点云与影像联合分类的优势得到体现,达到了分类精度与地物类别数量相统一的目的。     

全极化SAR影像城区建筑密度分析

针对全极化SAR影像的建筑区特性,提出了一种基于极化特征共生矩阵的城区建筑密度分析方法。首先将极化特征与共生矩阵结合,在考虑建筑区极化散射机理和建筑朝向作用的同时,兼顾了建筑区的空间排列信息,在此基础上为了增强建筑密度的局部区域特性,将共生矩阵特征进行K-means聚类,结合图像分块形成标号直方图统计矢量,进而对该直方图统计矢量进行矢量量化实现SAR影像城区的建筑密度分级。RadarSat-2全极化SAR影像城区建筑密度分析的实验表明,该方法既适用于建筑朝向复杂城区也适用于建筑排列整齐城区的密度信息提取。     

基于Z-力敏元件的测力研究

Z-力敏元件是一种新型的半导体器件,输出为与压力应变有一定对应关系的频率量,该器件具有分散性、非线性、温度特性、零点漂移等特性,须通过硬件或补偿软件才能实际应用。本文对Z-力敏元件的特性进行了研究,通过三次样条插值方法实现力敏元件的线性化,通过二次插值方法实现温度补偿,通过加载时重量突变编程锁定的方法解决零点漂移。实验表明,通过数字化补偿后Z-力敏元件可输出与被测压力应变成正比的线性输出,该研究为Z-力敏元件的实际应用奠定了基础。     

空间约束混合高斯运动目标检测

目的 针对传统混合高斯模型前景检测运算量过大问题,提出一种基于空间约束的混合高斯前景检测算法。方法 通过快速初始化缩短模型的初始建立过程;采用双重背景模型机制,以自适应背景减法的前景检测结果作为混合高斯前景检测的空间约束条件,降低模型在背景区域的冗余运算;运用多策略自适应模型更新,提高前景检测的准确性。结果 在各种测试场景下,与传统混合高斯法、CodeBook、GMG、偏差均值混合高斯模型(MODGMM)等算法相比,该算法具有更好的准确率以及4倍以上的处理速度。结论 在固定相机场景下的运动目标检测中,算法能有效提高传统混合高斯法的准确性且具有极高的实时性。     

Exact and approximate flexible aggregate similarity search

Aggregate similarity search, also known as aggregate nearest-neighbor (Ann) query, finds many useful applications in spatial and multimedia databases. Given a group Q of M query objects, it retrieves from a database the objects most similar to Q, where the similarity is an aggregation (e.g., \({{\mathrm{sum}}}\), \(\max \)) of the distances between each retrieved object p and all the objects in Q. In this paper, we propose an added flexibility to the query definition, where the similarity is an aggregation over the distances between p and any subset of \(\phi M\) objects in Q for some support \(0< \phi \le 1\). We call this new definition flexible aggregate similarity search and accordingly refer to a query as a flexible aggregate nearest-neighbor ( Fann ) query. We present algorithms for answering Fann queries exactly and approximately. Our approximation algorithms are especially appealing, which are simple, highly efficient, and work well in both low and high dimensions. They also return near-optimal answers with guaranteed constant-factor approximations in any dimensions. Extensive experiments on large real and synthetic datasets from 2 to 74 dimensions have demonstrated their superior efficiency and high quality.     

Adaptive event‐triggered control for nonlinear discrete‐time systems

This paper focuses on the analysis and the design of event‐triggering scheme for discrete‐time systems. Both static event‐triggering scheme (SETS) and adaptive event‐triggering scheme (AETS) are presented for discrete‐time nonlinear and linear systems. What makes AETS different from SETS is that an auxiliary dynamic variable satisfying a certain difference equation is incorporated into the event‐triggering condition. The sufficient conditions of asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop event‐triggered control systems under both two triggering schemes are given. Especially, for the linear systems case, the minimum time between two consecutive control updates is discussed. Also, the quantitative relation among the system parameters, the preselected triggering parameters in AETS, and a quadratic performance index are established. Finally, the effectiveness and respective advantage of the proposed event‐triggering schemes are illustrated on a practical example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Media Niche of Electronic Communication Channels in Friendship: A Meta‐Analysis

The current landscape of communication technologies is characterized by a wide variety of choices. As each medium provides different affordances, each may occupy a different niche and be used in different relationships. Drawing on the theory of the niche, we did a meta‐analysis involving 27 effect sizes from 22 independent samples to test the correlation between media selection/use and friendship closeness. Results showed that the 5 communication channels filled 2 different friendship closeness niches. Mobile phone calls and texting had stronger positive correlations with friendship closeness than instant messaging, social network sites, and online gaming. Culture, but not gender, moderated some of these correlations: Friendship closeness had a stronger positive association with SNS use and online gaming in collectivist cultures.