功能高分子染料在高新技术中的应用

与小分子染料相比,高分子染料具有高强度、耐溶剂性和可加工性等优越性,在很多领域获得了广泛应用。简要介绍了高分子染料的分类、制备方法和性能表征;综述了高分子染料的应用范围,重点是生物医学方面的应用,包括疾病检测,DNA测序,荧光探针等,并对其今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

Ag decorated (Ba,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3 cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells prepared by electroless silver deposition

We reported nano-structured Ag modified Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.6Fe_0.4O_3−δ (Ag@BSCF) cathode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that is prepared by vacuum assisted electroless deposition technique. We show that the concentration of Ag can be easily adjusted by tuning the deposition time without altering the perovskite structure of the pristine BSCF. The effect of Ag loading on the electrochemical performance of the material has been systematically studied by varying the Ag loading and the working condition (oxygen partial pressure). An optimized electrode performance is observed with an Ag loading of ∼2 wt%. We demonstrate that the presence of Ag significantly reduces the electrode ohmic resistance and enhances the catalytic O₂ reduction performance of the BSCF cathode.     

Experimental investigation of the steady-state efficiency of fuel cell stack under strengthened road vibrating condition

The steady-state efficiency of the fuel cell stack is experimentally investigated in terms of steady-state hydrogen utilization, actual efficiency and maximum efficiency point through a 162 h strengthened vibration test in this paper, in order to analyse the steady-state performance of the fuel cell stack under long-term vibrating condition on strengthened roads. The load spectra applied in the test are simulated by the acceleration signals of the fuel cell stack, which are previously measured in a vehicle vibration test. The load signals of the vehicle vibration test are iterated through a road simulator from vehicle acceleration signals which are originally sampled in the strengthened road of the ground prove. The test results show that the steady-state hydrogen utilization of the stack decreases by 30.7% during the test. The maximum drop of steady-state actual efficiency is 21.0%. Additionally, the maximum efficiency point of the stack declines by 5.4%, while the corresponding current experiences an increment of 47.2 A. From the results it can be concluded that the strengthened road vibration exerts a significant influence on the steady-state performance of the fuel cell stack, which cannot and should not be ignored during the research.     

DEFORMATION CONTROL OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES CONTAINING PIEZOELECTRIC LAYERS UNDER THERMAL LOADING

A composite plate containing piezoceramics on both the upper and bottom surfaces is considered. Based on the piezoelectricity with consideration for the coupling between the strain field and the electric field, a finite element formulation is developed. An eight-node three-dimensional brick element is used, and three-dimensional incompatible modes are introduced to take into account the bending behavior of the structure. The response of the structure and the sensor electrical outputs subjected to thermal loading as well as the required voltage that should be applied to reduce the deflection resulting from thermal loading are analyzed. In addition, this study also analyzes the effect of coupling between the strain field and the electrical field. It shows that the coupling effect may not be negligible; the larger the piezoelectric constant, or the thinner the main structure, the larger the coupling effect will be.     

Co-Carbonization of Two Anthracites with a Fat Coal or Two Pitches

The blends of two anthracite powders (YQ and JC) with a fat coal (C4) or a petroleum pitch (PP) or a coal tar pitch (CTP) in different proportions were co-carbonized at 3°C/min up to 1000°C in an experimental 1 Kg coke oven. Coke yield, coke particulate size, coke micro-strength and coke cracking strength were measured respectively. Coke optical textures were watched under a microscope. The results show that as anthracite proportion increases, coke yields of all blends improve; > 0.8 mm lump coke yields of blends with CTP or PP decline slightly, blends with C4 drop heavily; coke micro-strengths do not change sharply, and coke cracking strength of blends with C4 or PP decrease more than blends with CTP. C4 produces fine-grained mosaics, and two anthracites are mainly fusinite and fragments, PP is coarse-grained mosaics, and CTP is chiefly flow or domain textures. Independent optical textures were observed in cokes. There exist evident borders between the two contact optical textures which were produced by different components, and a few phenomena that domain or flow textures penetrating into fusinite appeared in the blends. It seems that CTP is the best adhesives for blending with anthracites for producing high quality cokes.     

《联合国气候变化框架公约》与我国水电资源开发

《联合国气候变化框架公约》旨在将大气中的温室气体浓度稳定在防止气候系统受到危险的人为干扰的水平上，使生态系统能够自然地适应气候变化，确保粮食生产免受威胁并使经济发展能够可持续地进行。该公约对我国控制高污染煤炭能源的生产消费，发展清洁可持续利用的替代能源，特别是发展水电资源，制订国家中长期能源战略将产生深远的影响。     

Unsteadiness of Shock Wave／Boundary Layer Interaction in Supersonic Cascade

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改进的混凝土重力拱坝温度荷载分析

针对目前拱坝规范中温度荷载不能较好地考虑重力拱坝内部温度的非线性变化,由外界气温变化对混凝土内部温度影响的理论分析及坝体温度计测值的综合分析,对年变化温度荷载的计算进行了改进：仅对外界气温变化影响较显著的距坝体外表面10 m左右区域的混凝土温度进行等效,假设中间区域的温度无变化。这可一定程度考虑坝体内部温度的非线性变化。对某重力拱坝进行分析,得到的结论是：①采用本文提出的考虑坝内温度非线性变化的温度荷载方法计算的应力较规范计算的应力,在下游面拉应力有较大增长,而上游面压应力有所减小;②计算坝体的变形与规范法计算的变形较接近,但截面上的应力分布不同。     

卡塔克古隆起油气运移输导体系演化特征

卡塔克古隆起受多期构造叠加影响,具有三期成藏、两期调整、早期成油、晚期注气、复式聚集的成藏特征,油气输导体系复杂,极大地制约了油气勘探.在前人研究塔中低凸起复式油气成藏主控因素的基础上,以油源断裂及区域不整合面演化为突破口,将油气运移输导系统划分为断裂型、不整合型、输导层型及复合型4类,结合平衡剖面恢复,分析卡塔克隆起...     

Effect of Water on Extractive Desulfurization of Simulated FCC Gasoline Using Ionic Liquid NMP-FeCl_3-H_2O

A series of novel aqueous ionic liquids(NMP-FeCl_3-nH_2O) were prepared and the effects of water in the aqueous ionic liquids on desulfurization rate and selectivity of simulated FCC gasoline were investigated. The results showed that adding a small amount of water into the ionic liquid NMP-FeCl3 could effectively improve the desulfurization rate and selectivity, and the optimal amount of water was equal to 5%―10% of NMP. Finally, the possible desulfurization mechanism activated by a small amount of water was proposed.