Oxygen enrichment from air through multilayer thin low‐density polyethylene films

Several multilayer thin low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films were fabricated by blown thin film having a thickness of 7 μm and an area of 130 cm². They were characterized for their oxygen‐enrichment performance from air by a constant pressure–variable volume method in a round permeate cell with an effective area of 73.9 cm². The relationship between oxygen‐enrichment properties, including oxygen‐enriched air (OEA) flux, oxygen concentration, permeability coefficients of OEA, oxygen, nitrogen, as well as separation factor through the multilayer LDPE films, and operating parameters, including transfilm pressure difference, retentate/permeate flux ratio, temperature, as well as layer number, are all discussed in detail. It is found that all of the preceding oxygen‐enrichment parameters increase continuously with an increase of transfilm pressure difference from 0.1 to 0.65 MPa, especially for the trilayer and tetralayer LDPE films. The oxygen concentration and separation factor appear to rapidly increase within the retentate/permeate flux ratio below 200, and then become unchangeable beyond that, whereas the OEA flux and the permeability coefficients of OEA, oxygen, and nitrogen seem to remain nearly constant within the whole retentate/permeate flux ratio investigated, especially for the monolayer and bilayer LDPE films. The selectivity becomes inferior, whereas the permeability becomes superior, as the operating temperature increases from 23 to 31°C. The highest oxygen concentration was found to be 44.8% for monolayer LDPE film in a single step with air containing oxygen of 20.9% as a feed gas and operating pressure of 0.5 MPa at a retentate/permeate flux ratio of 340 and 23°C. The results demonstrate a possibility to prepare an oxygen‐enriching membrane directly from air, based on the easily obtained thin LDPE films. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3013–3021, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2331     

Isotopic Oxygen Exchange and EPR Studies of Superoxide Species on the SrF2/La2O3 Catalyst

By using the in situ IR spectroscopy, the superoxide species (O₂⁻), characterized by the O–O stretching peak at 1130 cm⁻¹, was detected on the SrF₂/La₂O₃ catalyst at temperatures up to 973 K. The introduction of ¹⁸O₂ isotope caused the 1130 cm⁻¹ peak to shift to lower wavenumbers (1095 and 1064 cm⁻¹), consistent with the assignment of the spectra to the superoxide species. A good correlation between the rate of the disappearance of the O₂⁻ species and that of the formation of C₂H₄ was observed, suggesting that O₂⁻ was the active oxygen species responsible for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) on the SrF₂/La₂O₃ catalyst. This conclusion was reinforced by the EPR experiments (g_xx = 2.0001, g_yy = 2.0045, g_zz = 2.0685), showing that O₂⁻ was the only paramagnetic oxygen species detectable on the O₂-preadsorbed SrF₂/La₂O₃ catalyst. These results suggest that superoxide O₂⁻ can be a stable active oxygen species, whose role in the OCM reaction cannot be overlooked.     

PVA/明胶/淀粉水凝胶的制备及性能

采用反复冷冻一解冻法制备了不同配比的聚乙烯醇／明胶／淀粉水凝胶膜。测试了共混膜的力学性能、脱水率和溶胀度，用扫描电镜观察了共混膜的断面形貌。结果表明：除1：1配比的水凝胶膜成膜性差，其他配比的水凝胶成膜性较好，膜表面比较光滑。m（PVA）：m（明胶）为6：1时力学性能较好。脱水率和溶胀度均随PVA和明胶比例增大而减小。扫描电镜显示，水凝胶膜内部具有多孑L结构，可以用作组织工程支架材料。     

Characteristic modes and flow structure of non-premixed flame in humid-air combustion

An experimental study has been performed in order to determine the effect of humidity on the flow field and the flame stability limit in turbulent non-premixed flame. Two-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were made to quantify the velocity field, with and without steam injected. The results indicate the addition of steam decreases the recirculation flow and reduces the distance between the forward and aft stagnation points. The detailed stabilization regimes show that the critical fuel-to-air velocity ratios of the central fuel penetration in the humid air case are 16% to 22% lower, and the partially quenching limits are at least 25% lower. The decreased penetration limit is due to a reduction in momentum of the humid air. An analysis of flamelet concepts reveals that increased chemical reaction time leads to lower partially quenching limits in the humid air combustion.     

喷旋管道式分解炉内燃烧、分解过程的CFD模拟

针对水泥分解炉内煤粉燃烧、生料颗粒分解过程共存的特点,提出了相应的计算模型与方法,以CFX4为基础,采用用户软件,二次开发出模拟该现象的工程计算软件,并以工业化中实际使用的5 500 t/d的喷旋管道分解炉为对象,计算分析了炉内的煤粉燃烧、生料分解率在空间上的变化规律,探讨了炉内的湍流速度场及高温火焰燃烧区域、空气组分、颗粒体积浓度等的空间分布特征,指出了进一步优化的方向。     

用CS－1高效催化剂生产聚丙烯树脂的纺丝试验

研究了用ＣＳ－１高效催化剂生产聚丙烯树脂的纺丝性能，得出采用该催化剂并结合分子量调节剂可以得到熔融指数较大，分子量分布较窄的聚丙烯树脂，其纺丝及力学性能都比较好。     

甲醛阻聚剂作用原理及其应用

本文对甲醛的物理化学性质做了简单的介绍,并详细地介绍了甲醛聚合的原理,阐述了甲醛阻聚剂的阻聚原理、发展趋势、应用现状和使用过程中注意的问题,并对使用新型高效阻聚剂的经济效益做了分析,指出新型高效阻聚剂具有良好的应用前景和经济效益。     

自主创新 推进名牌战略——华润涂料的品牌发展之路

华润涂料自成立以来,就确立了争创名牌的发展战略,全方位打造品牌,坚持自主创新,引进与消化吸收相结合,以创新求生存,以创新促发展,铸就了华润涂料良好的品牌形象和企业形象。回顾华润的发展历程,到处都留下了创新的路标。1战略创新:铸就品牌价值纵观华润涂料15年品牌建设历程,大致可分成三个阶段:第一阶段是从1991年至1995年,重点放在开发家具漆市场;第二阶段是从1995年至2000年,表现为有意识地开拓装饰漆市场;第三阶段从2001年初开始,通过品牌整合、品牌营销等现代化营销手段,全面提升华润品牌的整体形象。经过这三个阶段,华润涂料得到了…     

基于STM32F407和OV7670的低端视频监控系统

本系统采用了意法半导体公司的STM32F407微处理器作为核心,以OV7670作为监控系统的视频采集传感器,并将传感器采集的数据通过DMA控制器成功地发送至液晶模块(SSD1289)显示。该系统运行流畅,为低端视频监控系统提供了一种新的解决方案。     

Observer‐based H ∞ output tracking control for networked control systems

This paper is concerned with observer‐based H _∞ output tracking control for networked control systems. An observer‐based controller is implemented through a communication network to drive the output of a controlled plant to track the output of a reference model. The inputs of the controlled plant and the observer‐based tracking controller are updated in an asynchronous way because of the effects of network‐induced delays and packet dropouts in the controller‐to‐actuator channel. Taking the asynchronous characteristic into consideration, the resulting closed‐loop system is modeled as a system with two interval time‐varying delays. A Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, which makes use of information about the lower and upper bounds of the interval time‐varying delays, is constructed to derive a delay‐dependent criterion such that the closed‐loop system has a desired H _∞ tracking performance. Notice that a separation principle cannot be used to design an observer gain and a control gain due to the asynchronous inputs of the plant and the controller. Instead, a novel design algorithm is proposed by applying a particle swarm optimization technique with the feasibility of the stability criterion to search for the minimum H _∞ tracking performance and the corresponding gains. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by an example. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.