CO_2气田气精馏过程的模拟计算

针对CO_2气田气资源开发,用MPR状态方程建立了CO_2气田气热力学性质计算模型,并用三对角矩阵法对精馏过程进行模拟计算。结果表明通过简单的精馏过程可以生产出纯度为99.99％以上的高纯CO_2气体。     

染料水溶液纳滤脱盐和浓缩的过程模拟

分析了工业生产的NT染料水溶液的纳滤脱盐和浓缩过程中NaCl组分在膜液界面处浓差极化现象，将NaCl组分的传质系数与渗透流率关联起来，建立了适合于描述应用卷式纳滤膜作NT染料水溶液的纳滤脱盐和浓缩过程的简洁的模型方程。该模型的预测与实验结果具有良好的一致性，为应用纳滤技术进行相应的工艺预测和工种优化设计提供了新的方法。     

甲酰胺系钛溶胶性能对TiO_2材料微结构的影响

稳定的甲酰胺系溶胶的制备是乳液模板法制备高度有序多孔陶瓷材料的前提和基础。系统考察了水含量rw对甲酰胺系钛溶胶性能的影响,同时研究了溶胶性能对TiO2材料的孔径及比表面积等微观结构的影响。结果发现溶胶的粒径随rw和放置时间的增加而增大,黏度随rw的增大而增大。rw越大,制备出的TiO2材料的比表面积越小,而孔径(约8 nm)并不随rw的变化而变化。该研究为多孔TiO2材料的微结构控制提供了实验基础。     

超声在陶瓷膜处理乳化含油废水中的作用研究

Ultrasonic field was applied in the treatment of oil emulsification wastewater by ZrO2 ceramic mem-brane. The permeate flux, rejection ratio in the filtration process and recovery ratio of flux in the membrane cleaning process were measured. Great improvement in the permeate flux and rejection ratio have been observed for the membrane process enhanced by the ultrasonic field. The permeate flux of water through the membrane was about 210L.m^-2.h^-1 and the oil rejection ratio was over 99.9% under the optimal ultrasonic treatment conditions, which were 8W of ultrasonic power, 7cm of ultrasonic probe length introduced into the membrane channel and the same ultrasonic radiation direction as the wastewater flow. The resistance of the membrane process was compared between the cases with and without ultrasound, and the total resistance was reduced 68% by the use of ultrasound, Four methods including water cleaning, water cleaning under sonication, chemical cleaning and chemical cleaning under sonication were used to recover membrane flux. It was found that the flux recovery ratio increased with the increase of ultrasonic cleaning power. In addition, the use of chemical agents combining with ultrasonic irradiation showed a synergistic effect, which resulted in the highest cleaning efficiency and the shorter cleaning time.     

聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯高吸油树脂的制备及其吸油性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,二乙烯苯(DVB)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,水为分散介质,运用悬浮聚合法制备了自溶胀型高吸油树脂。通过正交试验考察了单体配比、交联剂用量、引发剂用量和分散剂用量对树脂吸油性能的影响。结果表明:当m(BMA):m(St)=5:5、交联剂用量、引发剂用量和分散剂用量分别为单体总质量0.5%、2%和2%时,吸油树脂吸油倍率达到14.12 g g 1,吸附动力学研究发现此时吸油速率最大;通过热重表征和重复吸油试验,合成的高吸油树脂能够重复吸油多次,第五次的吸油倍率能够达到第一次的93%。     

盐水中沉淀物对气升式陶瓷膜过滤性能的影响

采用化学沉淀法进行盐水精制是氯碱工业的关键过程之一.今采用陶瓷膜脱除盐水中的沉淀物,考察了气升条件下盐水中化学沉淀物(CaCO3、BaSO4、Mg(OH)2)对陶瓷膜过滤过程的影响.结果表明,曝气对三种体系均可显著提高膜的渗透通量,含CaCO3盐水体系的膜通量与含BaSO4体系相当,是含Mg(OH)2体系膜通量的1.5倍;当曝气量大于300 L?h?1时,进一步增大曝气量对含CaCO3、BaSO4体系的盐水渗透通量影响不大,但可使含Mg(OH)2体系盐水渗透通量提高50%以上;跨膜压差与通量基本呈线性增大关系,跨膜压差对CaCO3、BaSO4体系通量的影响大于对Mg(OH)2体系的影响;固含量增大,由于体系黏度显著增大,使三种体系的膜通量均呈下降趋势,含Mg(OH)2体系的通量下降最大.对盐水中沉淀物的分析结果表明,方解石相的CaCO3颗粒分散均匀,粒径为16.08μm,表面电势为?16.5 mV;重晶石相的BaSO4颗粒粒径在2.18μm左右,表面电势为?33 mV;而无定形的Mg(OH)2颗粒粒径分布宽,平均粒径1.59μm,表面电势为?18 mV.由于粒径与荷电性的双重作用,使得CaCO3、BaSO4体系膜过滤阻力相近,小于Mg(OH)2体系的膜过滤阻力;钙镁离子共沉淀中,随着钙离子量的增大,膜过滤通量增大.     

TS-1催化苯羟基化制苯酚的本征动力学

TS-1分子筛催化苯羟基化法制苯酚是一种绿色工艺路线。对以TS-1为催化剂苯与过氧化氢反应制苯酚的本征动力学进行了研究。考察了搅拌速度、苯浓度、过氧化氢浓度以及反应温度等因素对苯酚初始生成速率的影响,并采用幂函数方程进行实验数据拟合。结果表明,在消除内外扩散影响的条件下,反应对于苯、过氧化氢的反应级数分别为0.62和0.55,反应的活化能为101.31 kJ/mol。依据上述结果建立了反应的本征动力学方程,并对模型进行验证,结果显示模型计算得到的苯酚初始生成速率与实验值的平均相对偏差为6.81%,吻合较好。研究得到的动力学模型为TS-1催化苯羟基化-膜分离耦合制备苯酚的条件优化及过程开发提供依据。     

钯/陶瓷膜催化剂上对硝基苯酚加氢宏观动力学

对硝基苯酚催化加氢法是制备对氨基苯酚的一种清洁合成工艺。采用液相浸渍还原法将钯催化剂负载于陶瓷膜表面制备钯/陶瓷膜催化剂,对该膜催化剂上对硝基苯酚加氢的宏观动力学进行了研究。在高压反应釜中考察了对硝基苯酚浓度、氢气压力以及反应温度等因素对对硝基苯酚加氢速率的影响,并采用幂函数方程进行实验数据拟合。实验结果表明,反应对对硝基苯酚呈0级,对氢气是1.05级,反应活化能为17.88 kJ/mol,指前因子为2 304 mol/(h·m2·MPa1.05)。依据上述结果建立了反应的宏观动力学方程,并对模型进行验证,结果表明模型计算值与实验结果吻合较好。这可为钯/陶瓷膜催化对硝基苯酚加氢制备对氨基苯酚的过程开发提供基础数据。     

陶瓷膜乳化系统制备单分散乳状液的研究--集成式膜乳化反应器的前期研究

A new reactor with integrated conventional slurry stirred reactor and ceramic external membrane emulsification system, was introduced in this paper. Toluene and toluene containing surfactant was separately used as dispersed phase for preparation of emulsions. Two kinds of emulsions were prepared and compared. The volume average sizes of prepared emulsions were 3.53μm and 3.6μm respectively. The results showed that the droplet sizes of two kinds of emulsions were similar, but the monodispersed emulsion was only obtained with addition of surfactant into the dispersed phase.