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51.
Oxygen self-diffusion coefficients for single-crystal MgO-Al2 O3 spinels previously determined for crushed particles were recalculated using the microscopic suface area of the sample, as was done for alumina. The corrected results agree well with those of Reddy and Cooper . 相似文献
52.
The miscibility and morphology of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and poly (4-vinylphenol) (PVPh) blends were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The DSC results indicate that PCL is miscible with PVPh. FTIR studies reveal that hydrogen bonding exists between the hydroxyl groups of PVPh and the carbonyl groups of PCL. 13C cross polarization (CP)/magic angle spinning (MAS)/dipolar decoupling (DD) spectra of the blends show a 1 ppm downfield shifting of 13C resonance of PVPh hydroxyl-substituted carbons and PCL carbonyl carbons with increasing PCL content. Both FTIR and NMR give evidence of inter-molecular hydrogen bonding within the blends. The proton spin-lattice relaxation in the laboratory frame, T1(H), and in the rotating frame, T1ρ(H), were studied as a function of the blend composition. The T1(H) results are in good agreement with thermal analysis; i.e. the blends are completely homogeneous on the scale of 50-80 nm. The T1ρ(H) results indicate that PCL in the blends has both crystalline and amorphous phases. The amorphous PCL phase is miscible with PVPh, but the PCL crystal domain size is probably larger than the spin-diffusion path length within the T1ρ(H) time-frame, i.e. larger than 2-4 nm. The mobility differences between the crystalline and amorphous phases of PCL are clearly visible from the T1ρ(H) data. 相似文献
53.
Ken Shimomai Noboru Higashida Toshiaki Ougizawa Takashi Inoue Bernd Rudolf Jörg Kressler 《Polymer》1996,37(26):5877-5882
The miscibility of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and styrene-acrylonitrile random copolymers (SAN) blends was investigated on the basis of the Flory—Orwoll—Vrij equation of state theory. To obtain the equation of state parameters (P*, V*sp, T*: characteristic parameters), the pressure—volume—temperature (PVT) behaviour was measured for PMMA and a series of SANs with various acrylonitrile contents. The exchange energy parameter Xij was also calculated by fitting the theory to some phase diagrams of PMMA/SAN blends. The Flory—Huggins interaction parameter χ was separated into two contributions based on the equation of state theory for mixtures: the exchange energy term χinter and the free volume term χfree. Both the temperature and copolymer composition dependences of χinter and χfree were estimated by calculations using the equation of state parameters. There exists a region in which χinter is negative, leading to a miscibility window in PMMA/SAN blends. However, the immiscibility at high temperatures in the blends cannot be explained only by χinter; it is caused by the free volume contribution, χfree. The miscibility window behaviour in PMMA/SAN blends may be explained within the framework of the equation of state theory. 相似文献
54.
H. J. Dutton S. B. Johnson F. J. Pusch M. S. F. Lie Ken Jie F. D. Gunstone R. T. Holman 《Lipids》1988,23(5):481-489
An approach to the analysis of 55 possible nonconjugated positional isomers of octadecadienoic acid is described and tested
with mixtures of individual synthetic methyl esters. In the first example, by ozonolysis a sevencomponent mixture consisting
ofcis,cis 5,12-, 6,10-, 6,11-, 6,12-, 7,12-, 8,12-, and 9,12-octadecadienoates was converted to aldehydes, aldehyde-esters and dialdehydes.
These fragments were separated on a 50 m×0.2 mm free fatty acid phase (FFAP) vitreous silica capillary column. Equations for
an arbitrarily restricted 12×15 matrix of linear simultaneous equations and a computer solution of the matrix provided the
composition of the initial methyl octadecadienoate mixture. The power and significance of this method became apparent with
the observation that only two of the seven isomers in the known mixture were resolved as single peaks by state-of-the-art
capillary gas chromatography, but all seven were identified and estimated with acceptable error by the ozonolysis-capillary
gas chromatography-computer procedure. In a generalized approach to the analysis of the 55 possible nonconjugated isomers,
a computer program selects the appropriate matrix of linear simultaneous equations based on the aldehyde data supplied by
the analyst. Twenty of 21 combinations of seven isomeric esters taken five at a time have been analyzed to assess the efficiency
of the method. To illustrate applicability at this stage of development, the method has been used to analyze the diene products
of the hydrazine reduction of γ-linolenic acid and the diene products from the biological desaturation of isomeric monoenes.
The possibility of distinguishing geometric and positional isomers of 18∶2 has been opened by the observed separation ofcis-andtrans-unsaturated aldehydes and aldehyde-esters.
Presented in part at the 16th World Congress of the International Society for Fat Research, October 4–7, 1983, in Budapest,
Hungary, and at the American Oil Chemists' Society Meeting, May 15, 1986, in Honolulu, Hawaii. 相似文献
55.
Sun Shaojian; Brem Rachel; Chan Hue Sun; Dill Ken A. 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1995,8(12):1205-1213
We present two methods for designing amino acid sequences ofproteins that will fold to have good hydrophobic cores. Giventhe coordinates of the desired target protein or polymer structure,the methods generate sequences of hydrophobic (H) and polar(P) monomers that are intended to fold to these structures.One method designs hydrophobic inside, polar outside; the otherminimizes an energy function in a sequence evolution process.The sequences generated by these methods agree at the levelof 6080% of the sequence positions in 20 proteins inthe Protein Data Bank. A major challenge in protein design isto create sequences that can fold uniquely, i.e. to a singleconformation rather than to many. While an earlier lattice-basedsequence evolution method was shown not to design unique folders,our method generates unique folders in lattice model tests.These methods may also be useful in designing other types offoldable polymer not based on amino acids 相似文献
56.
The hydrogen bonding, miscibility, crystallization, and thermal stability of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/4‐tert‐butylphenol (BOH) blends and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB‐3HHx)]/BOH blends were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid‐state13C‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of FTIR spectroscopy and solid‐state13C‐NMR show that intermolecular hydrogen bonds existed between the two components in the blends and that the interaction was caused by the carbonyl groups in the amorphous phase of both polyesters and the hydroxyl groups of BOH. With increasing BOH content, the chain mobility of both the PHB and P(3HB‐3HHx) components was improved. After the samples were quenched, the detected single glass‐transition temperatures decreased with composition, indicating that both PHB/BOH and P(3HB‐3HHx)/BOH were miscible blends in the melt. Moreover, as BOH content increased, the melting temperatures of PHB and P(3HB‐3HHx) clearly decreased, which implied that their crystallization was suppressed by the addition of BOH. Although the crystallinity of PHB and P(3HB‐3HHx) components decreased with increasing BOH content in the blends, their crystal structures were hardly affected after they were blended with BOH, which was further proven by WAXD results. In addition, the thermal stability of PHB was improved by a smaller amount of BOH. 相似文献
57.
Ken Ando Masataka Momoda Takeshi Azumi Sadakichi Kitajima 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1987,70(11):309-C
Solubility of NiO in Al2 O3 was determined by electron probe microanalysisy A diffusion couple method was used by coupling an NiO-doped Al2 O3 polycrystal to a pure single crystal of Al2 O3 . The solubility of NiO in Al2 O3 in air was 230 wt ppm (157 at. ppm of cations) and 170 wt ppm (116 at. ppm) at 2073 and 1973 K, respectively. The solubility of NiO in Al2 O3 obtained in this work was compared with our previous work of the solubility of MgO in Al2 o3 . 相似文献
58.
Naoto Kimbara Akio Nishijima Toshio Sato Yuji Yoshimura Hiromichi Shimada Nobuyuki Matsubayashi Akinori Yukimura 《Catalysis Letters》1990,6(3-6):409-415
TiN supported molybdenum sulfide catalysts showed much higher activity for cleavage of C-C bonds than oxide supported molybdenum sulfide catalysts, indicating the possibility of a new generation of supports for hydroprocessing catalysts. 相似文献
59.
Blending a crosslinked high‐density polyethylene (xHDPE) enhances melt strength and strain hardening behavior in elongational viscosity of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) to a great degree. Gel fraction of xHDPE has a stronger effect on the strain hardening than sol fraction, although sol fraction also enhances the strain hardening to some degree. Further, the xHDPE crosslinked by peroxide in a compression mold exhibits more pronounced effect than xHDPE by radiation, which is attributed to the difference in the amount of the gel fraction. The xHDPE, which enhances the strain hardening, has sparse crosslink points in the network. Moreover, it was found from linear viscoelastic measurements, such as oscillatory modulus and relaxation modulus, that the xHDPE is characterized as a critical gel, which was also supported by the result of tensile testing. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 73–78, 2002 相似文献
60.